Animal feed lots can lead to ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYless available land for feeding overall
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincrease genetic resistance to microbes in
humans
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa reduction in soil erosion
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa reduction in overgrazing
e. greater biodiversityHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which type of forest is considered a reservoir of biodiversity?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoldgrowth
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsecondgrowth
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommercial
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtree plantation
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYselective
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat agency or group is responsible for studying
the status of threatened dolphins and whether it should be listed as endangered under
the U.S. Endangered Species Act?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEnvironmental Protection Agency
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCITES
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNational Marine Fisheries Service
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConvention on Biological Diversity
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Technological advances can always be relied upon to provide solutions to our
environmental problems.
a. True
b. False
The process by which members of isolated populations become so different in genetic
makeup that they cannot produce live, fertile offspring if they are rejoined is best
described as ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeographic isolation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreproductive isolation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYevolutionary isolation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYendemic isolation
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYniche isolation
The latest scientific research indicates that the net global effect of ____ cover changes
is likely to increase atmospheric warming.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYice
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwater
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsoot
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaerosol
e. cloudHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA tropical grassland with widely scattered clumps
of trees would be called a ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYveldt
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsteppes
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsavanna
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpampas
e. taiga
The location of plate boundaries is most helpful is predicting the ____.
a. formation of waterfalls and river canyons
b. location of potential geologic hazards
c. formation of ocean currents
d. location of endangered species
e. formation of weather
Since we began burning fossil fuels in large quantities during the Industrial Revolution
of the 18th and 19th centuries, there has been a ____ in the average acidity of surface
ocean water.
a. 170% rise
b. 30% drop
c. 3% rise
d. 30% rise
e. 300% rise
What aquatic ecosystem receives the vast majority of the global inputs of pollution?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbenthic zone of abyssal plain
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYswiftly flowing stream
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeepwater ocean
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoastal parts of the ocean
e. slowmoving riverHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhich tree is characteristic of tropical coastal
wetlands?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcypress
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoconut
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmangrove
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpalm
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlive oak
The avoidance of making decisions that cannot be reversed later if they turn out to be
harmful is called the ____.
a. precautionary principle
b. net energy principle
c. reversibility principle
d. prevention principle
e. polluterpays principle
In the United States, almost twothirds of all liquid hazardous wastes are
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrecycled into useful materials
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioremediated
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinjected into deep disposal wells
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincinerated
e. stored in guarded facilitiesHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Invasive species have no usefulness for humans.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat process involves the use of bacteria and
enzymes to destroy hazardous substances?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYphytoremediation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplasma gasification
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioremediation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincineration
e. compostingHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
A community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving
(abiotic) environment of matter and energy is called a(n) ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecosystem
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpopulation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiosphere
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommunity
A large amount of the world’s drinking water comes from desalination.
a. True
b. False
The three diseases that cause the majority of deaths worldwide are influenza,
hepatitisB, and SARS.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe formation of photochemical smog forms as a
reaction between VOCs, NOx, heat, and ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYground level ozone
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYautomobile exhaust
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsulfur dioxide
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsunlight
Freshwater that is used indirectly is called ____, which is the freshwater that is not
directly consumed but is used to produce food and other products.
a. industrial water
b. irrigation water
c. virtual water
d. gray water
e. ground water
Large terrestrial regions characterized by a particular type of climate and a certain
combination of dominant plant life are called
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiozones
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommunities
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpopulations
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiomes
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYniches
Why do coalburning power plants and oil refineries have tall smokestacks?
a. to utilize the scrubbers in the smokestacks that remove pollutants
b. to make use of the natural vertical movements of air
c. to vent exhausts high into the atmosphere for dilution and dispersal
d. to exploit the grasshopper effect
e. to avoid photochemical reactions with ozone near the ground
A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor
harmed to any significant degree best illustrates
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcompetition
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpredation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommensalism
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasitism
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutualism
Artificial selection can be achieved by ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYensuring that more individuals survive to
reproductive age
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnot interfering with the survival of the fittest
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYselective breeding
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeographic isolation
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreasing competition for niches
Once an area of tropical forest is logged and burned, ranchers can graze cattle there for
decades.
a. True
b. False
The U.S. contains only 4.5% of the world’s people, but produces approximately 25% of
the world’s solid waste.
a. True
b. False
Synthetic chemicals are always more harmful compared to natural chemicals.
a. True
b. False
Egg pulling refers to ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtechniques used to extend the breeding span of
captured birds
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcollecting eggs from the wild and hatching
them in zoos or research centers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYusing fertility drugs to increase productivity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproduction of hybrids in captive breeding
programs
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcollecting unfertilized eggs from ovaries of
wild animals
Perverse ____ can distort the economic playing field and create a huge economic
incentive for resource depletion and environmental degradation.
a. subsidies
b. tax incentives
c. fullcost pricing
d. regulations
e. lobbying
The ability of one or more organisms in a population to tolerate a chemical such as a
pesticide or antibiotic designed to kill it and to reproduce more rapidly than the
members of the population that do not have such genetic traits is called
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsynthetic biology
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenetic engineering
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrossbreeding
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenetic resistance
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYheritability
A worstcase scenario predicted by some climate models is some forests being
consumed in vast wildfires.
a. True
b. False
In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada, developed the Montreal Protocol to
reduce production of ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. carbon dioxide
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnitrous oxide
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCFCs
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtoxic wastes
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhalons
A necessary result of implementing ____ is that some producers of harmful products
and services would go out of business.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfullcost pricing
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental regulations
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpollution taxes
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgovernment subsidies
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological policies
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgained or lost electrons
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgained or lost protons
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgained or lost neutrons
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYundergone radioactive decay
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdifferent numbers of protons and neutrons in
the same atom
An important breakthrough to help prevent death from dehydration for victims of
severe diarrhea has been the development of _________________________.
Clownfish live amongst the stinging tentacles of sea anemone. They keep the sea
anemone tentacles clean by eating the debris, and they gain protection from other
animals by living in the tentacles.
____________________ burns are carefully planned and controlled intentional burns to
remove flammable small trees and underbrush in forest areas.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBriefly explain the advantages and disadvantages
of phytoremediation as a method of removing or detoxifying hazardous wastes.
ANSWER: Advantages:
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEasy to establish.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYInexpensive.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCan reduce material dumped into landfills.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYProduces little air pollution compared to
incineration.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYLow energy use.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Disadvantages:
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYVery slow (can take several growing seasons).
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEffective only to depth of plant roots.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYToxic chemicals may evaporate from leaves.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
On the figure of the earth’s crust, choose the letter that represents hot material rising
through the mantle.
Based on the accompanying image, which chemicals are primarily responsible for
lowering the pH of rain?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNatural capital is comprised of natural resources
and ____________________.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Some spiders and poisonous snakes use venom to paralyze their prey and to deter their
predators. This is known as __________________.
Explain why the availability (or lack) of private and public pension systems can
influence the number of children some couples have, especially the poor in
lessdeveloped countries.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA disease only affects a portion of a population,
as the others are immune.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area is the
____________________ ecological footprint.
On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which
population growth continues but at a slower and rate.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYExplain the difference between inertia and
resilience in ecosystems.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Tell friends and relatives what you’re doing about this problem.
The cattle egret is a large North American bird that commonly sits on the backs of
grazing cattle and eats insects that pester the cattle. This is an example of
____________________.
____________________ occurs when the nuclei of certain isotopes with large mass
numbers are split apart into lighter nuclei and release energy when struck by a neutron.
Spaces in rock and soil called the zone of ____________________ are completely
filled with water.
Withdrawing massive amounts of groundwater can cause land elevation to become
lower, which is also called ____________________.
The range of variations in its physical and chemical environment under which an
ecosystem can survive is known as its range of ____________________.