HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhich conclusion has been made by the world’s
major scientific bodies about climate change?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe recent harsh winters have placed some
doubt on projected atmospheric warming.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWe do not know enough about how climate
works to make any definite conclusions.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYClimate change is projected to slow down
during the latter half of this century.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYClimate change is real and is happening now.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe current climate change is caused primarily
by natural processes.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe ecological economist believes that
conventional economic growth will eventually ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpull us out of our dependence on Middle
Eastern oil
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlead us into a socialist economy
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbecome unsustainable because it will deplete
natural capital
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlead us into a sustainable economy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcollapse when oil runs out
What determines which part of a known ore supply is extracted and used?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomics
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeology
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtax laws
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubsidies
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental regulations
Why do our economic systems promote unsustainable forms of industrialized
agriculture?
a. They are so successfully at providing healthy food to our populations
b. The harmful environmental and health costs of food production are not reflected in
market prices.
c. They are extremely effective in cutting costs.
d. They are major job providers.
e. The food production is efficient enough to justify the negative consequences.
An ethical guideline to sustainable living is to ____ the way that nature sustains itself.
a. understand
b. know
c. feel
d. support
e. mimic
Global reduction of grainfed beef consumption would help to reduce water shortages.
a. True
b. False
Phytoplankton in the open ocean are examples of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproducers
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconsumers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYheterotrophs
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdetritivores
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecomposers
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMost scientists and engineers agree in principle
that deep burial in an underground repository is the safest and cheapest way to store
____ for thousands of years.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsequestered CO2
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfracking fluids
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhighly toxic waste
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhighlevel radioactive wastes
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoal ash
A longer depletiontime estimate assumes no recycling or reuse and no increase in
reserves.
a. True
b. False
Some biodiversity experts advise us to focus our biodiversity conservation efforts on
____.
a. slowing high rates of extinction in biodiversity hotspots
b. slowing extinction in temperature deciduous forests
c. saving single important species
d. saving the polar bear which is the most endangered of all creatures
e. saving fish populations because of their importance as a food source for humans
Eutrophication is a condition of natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary,
or slowmoving stream.
a. True
b. False
What are the chimneylike structures near the hot water vents that come into contact
with cold seawater and precipitate out various metal sulfides?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYblack smokers
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwhite smokers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydrothermal vents
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYunderwater volcanoes
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmanganese pipes
Between 1930 and 2011, the global human population has increased from ____ to ____.
a. 100 million; 250 million
b. 500 million; 1 billion
c. 1.5 billion; 3 billion
d. 2 billion; 7 billion
e. 7 billion; 16 billion
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAn intertidal species of sea star helps to maintain
the diversity of the intertidal region by controlling the mussel population. Without the
sea star, the mussel population would crowd out other species and take over their
territory. The sea star could be called a(n) ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindicator species
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkeystone species
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfoundation species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaggressive species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrepressor species
A solution of highly toxic cyanide salts is used at approximately 90% of the world’s
gold mines.
a. True
b. False
Taigas are found in scattered coastal temperate areas with ample rainfall and moisture
from dense ocean fogs.
a. True
b. False
What is bitumen?
a. It is a type of coal, with dark shiny bits of organic matter.
b. It is a deep shaleoil deposit mixed with natural gas.
c. It a thick, sticky, tarlike heavy oil with a high sulfur content.
d. It is an octaneraising gasoline additive that causes pollution.
e. It is the solid organic matter found in petroleum.
Which of the following organisms can be called autotrophs?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYants, termites, and butterflies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwolves, coyotes, and foxes
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrabbits, moles, and robins
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdaisies, roses, and grass
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmushrooms and fungi
Traits that can be passed from one generation to the next are called ____
traits.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYselection
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnative
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadaptive
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYheritable
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfitness
Which federal agency manages U.S. public lands and is responsible for land that is used
primarily for grazing, mining, and oil and gas extraction in the western states?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYU.S. Forest Service
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNational Wildlife Refuge System
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNational Park System
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBureau of Land Management
The United States wastes very little of its commercial energy because of recent
advances in energy efficiency.
a. True
b. False
The average concentration of ____ has risen by approximately 40% between 1880 and
2012.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon monoxide
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsulfur dioxide
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYozone
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnitrous oxide
Between 1850 and 2013, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population
increasing from ____.
a. 2% to 52%
b. 7% to 22%
c. 14% to 33%
d. 15% to 92%
e. 45% to 95%
Denmark, Finland, and the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island have banned all
____ that cannot be reused.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbatteries
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplastics
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpackaging
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgrocery bags
e. beverage containersHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Mining has polluted mountain streams in about 40% of the western U.S. watersheds and
accounts for 50% of all the country’s emissions of toxic chemicals.
a. True
b. False
Human activities have affected the sulfur cycle primarily by
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproducing carbon dioxide, which reacts with
sulfur in the atmosphere
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcapturing sulfur emissions from volcanoes
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconverting sulfur into hydrogen sulfide gas
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreplenishing sulfur resources
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreleasing large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2)
gas into the atmosphere
Temperate deciduous forests typically have ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcool summers, warm winters, and abundant
precipitation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarm summers, cold winters, and abundant
precipitation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdry summers and rainy winters
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcool summers, cold winters, and little
precipitation
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarm summers and dry winters
What is a disadvantage of solar thermal systems?
a. There is low potential for growth.
b. The systems have low net energy yield and high costs.
c. There are some direct emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants.
d. There are high costs associated with the necessary natural gas turbine backups.
e. The high technology requirements could displace jobs for local workers.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY____ is the most common cause of speciation.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMass extinction
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYGeographic isolation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe arrival of a nonnative species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAn overlap between ecological niches
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe loss of a keystone species
Which of the following would undergo secondary ecological succession?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcooled volcanic lava
b. an abandoned parking lot
c. a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up
d. a bare rock outcrop
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa newly created shallow pond
One disadvantage of bicycle use in cities is that it
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresults in lost revenues for the city
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcan add to traffic, noise, and pollution
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommits riders to transportation schedules
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprovides little protection in an accident
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis expensive to build and maintain the system
Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for
temperature or other factors because of small differences in their genetic makeup,
health, or age.
a. True
b. False
After extracting the gold from a mine, ____ has allowed companies to walk away from
cleaning up their mining operations.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoor enforcement
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrelaxed environmental laws
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmarket price
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbankruptcy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoutdated mining laws
The African honeybee, or killer bee, is a deliberately introduced invasive species
a. True
b. False
A possible and testable explanation that needs further investigation is called a(n)
____________________.
The EPA and a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) found
that Americans ____________________ 30% to 40% of the nation’s food supply each
year.
The oceans absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Observe the second graph above, which is from a cold desert. What month of the year
would you expect to see flowers bloom in the cold desert?
____________________ is a set of physical conditions of the lower atmosphere,
including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, and other facts,
in a given area of a period of hours or days.
The ____________________ ion, studied by Bormann and Likens, is an essential
nutrient for plant growth.
A(n) ____________________ is a type of matter that has a unique set of properties and
that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA welltested and widely accepted scientific
hypothesis or a group of related hypotheses is called a(n) ____________________.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Managed grasslands or fenced meadows often planted with domesticated grasses or
other forage crops such as alfalfa and clover are called ____________________.
Briefly discuss how governments can save children from the harmful health effects of
poverty.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of large dams and reservoirs.
Scientists believe that the greatest human influenced threat to wild species is
____________________.
The chemical symbol for the element calcium
Many species provide ____________________ that we depend upon for industry and
basic living needs.
Species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in
an ecosystem are called _____________________.
Please describe the mechanisms by which “acid rain” is produced and why this is
harmful to the environment.
What is the difference between a renewable resource and an inexhaustible resource?
____________________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of
a population.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY