HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat country has the largest tar sand oil
reserves?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSaudi Arabia
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCanada
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYVenezuela
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYKuwait
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYUnited States
Water evaporating from trees and vegetation in tropical rain forests has little effect on
the amount of rainfall there.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is the most serious air pollution problem
according to World Health Organization?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindoor air pollution
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindustrial smog
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYphotochemical smog
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacid deposition
e. volatile organic compoundsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Nuclear fission is a process where the nuclei of two isotopes of a light element are
forced together at an extremely high temperature until they fuse to form a heavier
nucleus with a release of energy that can be used to produce commercial energy.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is it about carcinogens that cause some
people not to believe that their present day habits will lead to cancer?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMost mutations of carcinogens cause no harm.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCarcinogens do not cause pain until the very
last stages.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYInitial exposure to a carcinogen and the
appearance of detectable cancer symptoms has a 10–40 year time lapse.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMost carcinogens are found in highly addictive
substances.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCarcinogens cannot be seen or touched, and
therefore, people do not think about their impact.
The movement of air pollutants via evaporation and winds from tropical and temperate
areas to polar regions is referred to as ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperature inversion
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe grasshopper effect
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacid deposition
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe rainshadow effect
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe photochemical effect
Which worldview sees humans as the planet’s most important species?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental wisdom
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstewardship
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomic succession
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplanetary management
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplanetary intrinsic value
What major rock type is a limestone?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYorganic
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYigneous
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmetamorphic
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsedimentary
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrystalline
About 900 million people live in extreme poverty, struggling to live on the equivalent
of less than ____ a day.
a. $1.25
b. $5.00
c. $7.50
d. $10.00
e. $25.00
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA person that develops asthma after living in a
city with severe air pollution for decades is experiencing a(n) ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchronic effect
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubchronic effect
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacute effect
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubacute effect
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsuperacute effect
The role a species plays in its ecosystem is its
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiodiversity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiome
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhabitat
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYniche
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtrait
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA deadly and apparently incurable form of ____
has been spreading, and killing about 150,000 people a year in India, China, and Russia.
In order to control the spread of this disease, the victims must be permanently isolated
from the rest of society.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinfluenza
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHIV
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYavian bird flu
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmalaria
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtuberculosis
Ozone, a gas that filters out harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is found in the
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtroposphere
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeosphere
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydrosphere
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstratosphere
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiosphere
Water evaporates from the surfaces of plants through a process called ____.
a. transpiration
b. respiration
c. runoff
d. infiltration
e. percolation
All organic compounds are characterized by the presence of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydrogen
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnitrogen
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYphosphorus
Carsharing networks work by ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproviding vehicles that members can reserve
for use
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconnecting people who want to purchase a car
as a group and share it
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconnecting people who could ride together to
get to work
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenabling people to rent out their vehicles when
they are not using them
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhelping small groups of people invest in new
taxi services
Much of which biome has disappeared from the earth because it has been converted to
farmland for growing crops and grazing cattle?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperate grassland
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperate forest
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtropical grassland
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcold grassland
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcold desert
Specialist species occupy ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmultiple habitats
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa broad ecological niche
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmultiple ecological niches
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa narrow ecological niche
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe same niche as a keystone species
The availability of oil and petrochemicals effectively stalled the development of
bioplastics.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhich of the following could be considered a
densitydependent limiting factor?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperature
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprecipitation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdissolved oxygen content of water
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisease
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwater depth
Geographic isolation and reproductive isolation can both lead to speciation.
a. True
b. False
In a certain population of rabbits one year, 25 new rabbits are born and 5 move into the
population from surrounding areas. However, 10 rabbits die, and 5 leave the population.
What is the population change?
a. no change
b. 10
c. 15
d. 25
e. 30
The BormannLikens study in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New
Hampshire can be described as ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa comparison of a control site with an
experimental site in nature
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa study using computer model simulations of a
complex natural system
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan experiment in which too many factors were
varied to draw a conclusion from the results
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmissing a baseline for comparison, making it
difficult to draw a conclusion from the results
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan observational study that attempted not to
interfere with a natural system
Which resource is nonrenewable?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeothermal energy
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsolar energy
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfreshwater
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcopper
e. treesHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
According to a 2013 study by the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD), almost ____
of the ESA–protected species are recovering at the rate projected in their recovery
plans.
a. none
b. 90%
c. 35%
d. 20%
e. 10%
Which of the following implies the greatest builtin momentum for population growth?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa large population size
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa large number of people age 29 to 44
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa large number of people under age 34
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa large number of people under age 15
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa large number of people over the age of 45
When the algae in coral reefs die off due to environmental stresses, the coral
subsequently dies because of lack of food. This process is referred to as
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoral acidification
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalgal blooming
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYerosion
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoral bleaching
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasitism
Ninetyeight percent of the potential risk of developing cancer from pesticide residue on
food grown in the U.S. could be eliminated if
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe entire industrialized agriculture business
switched to integrated pest management
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenetically modified foods were grown
exclusively
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpheromone traps were used more effectively to
capture pests
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEPA standards for pre1972 pesticides were as
strict as standards for newer pesticides
e. the government banned just one of the worst pesticides from
useHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIn 1969, planners in which Brazilian city decided
to focus on an inexpensive and efficient masstransit system rather than on the car?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYRio de Janeiro
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCuritiba
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYPorto Alegre
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSalvador
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNatal
A decline in bird species simply means that the birds have migrated elsewhere because
of their ability to fly.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBiological hazards can be caused by one of the
more than 1,400 ____ that can cause disease.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasites
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcultural hazards
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYviruses
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutagens
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpathogens
It takes about seven kilograms of grain to raise every one kilogram of beef.
a. True
b. False
What is a disadvantage of using pheromones to control pests?
a. They are costly and timeconsuming to produce.
b. They are more effective in the juvenile stage than the adult stage.
c. They are ineffective with most insects due to resistance.
d. They are biologically magnified in nontarget species.
e. They only work in large amounts.
On human time scales, nonrenewable resources
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmay be considered inexhaustible
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcan never be recycled
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare replenished by natural processes within
hours
d. are used without ever becoming depletedHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcan be depleted much faster than nature can
form them
Why has the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity been slow?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlack of acceptance by the United Nations
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwar and conflict in many biodiversity hotspots
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinability of poor countries to enforce the
conventions
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlack of ratification by key counties including
the United States.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdifficulties in controlling poaching
Describe some of the effects of building roads into previously inaccessible forests.
Give an example of a positive feedback loop.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
On the figure of the earth’s crust, choose the letter that represents the oceanic crust.
What purpose does the accompanying graph serve in our challenge of evaluating
hazardous chemicals?
____________________ is a form of industrialized agriculture used primarily in
tropical developing countries where cash crops are grown, such as bananas, coffee,
vegetables, soybeans, sugarcane, and palm oil.
The element ____________________ is said to be a potentially safer alternative to
uranium that could be used in newer nuclear power plant reactors.
What negative consequence has the Smokey Bear educational campaign in the United
States had on the way the public thinks about forest fires?
Mutations can occur in any cell type, however only those that occur in
____________________ are passed on to offspring, thus allowing for evolution.
Holding the pen or pencil for taking this exam is one of the things you can do as a
human because you have _____________________.
The ____________________ consists of the earth’s intensely hot core, a thick mantle
composed mostly of rock, and a thin outer crust.
The LifeStraw is a portable ____________________ that eliminates many bacteria and
viruses, making water safer to drink.
Compounds that can react and help neutralize acid deposition are called
_________________________.
Aquatic life zones in highersalinity waters are called ____________________ life
zones.
The cold temperatures of ____________________ slow down chemical reactions that
decompose wastes.
The scale used to measure acidity
According to the accompanying figure, what is the projected range of surface
temperature increase for 2025?