What is a financial tool to help people climb out of poverty?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstudent loans
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmicrolending
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmicrotaxes
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeducation grants
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYno ATM fees
Why did Saudi Arabia announce in 2008 that it would stop producing grain?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIts major deep aquifer has been depleted by
drawing water for irrigation.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMultiple years of severe droughts have
depleted the water table.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIts very rich, oilfinanced economy can easily
import food rather than grow its own.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDesalinization of seawater around Saudi
Arabia has contaminated local freshwater reserves.
e. Oil seepage from oil fields has contaminated local freshwater
reserves.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which of the following takes the fewest resources to manufacture?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrapid rail
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmass transit rail
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbuses
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcars
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbicycles
An agricultural method known as ____ relies on solar energy and natural fertilizers.
a. traditional intensive agriculture
b. polyculture
c. minimum tillage agriculture
d. highinput agriculture
e. plantation agriculture
Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlogistic species
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYscurve species
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpostreproductive species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrselected species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommensalism species
Human population growth since 1960 has been evenly distributed around the world.
a. True
b. False
Volcanic activity is notoriously difficult to monitor such that making evacuation plans is
nearly impossible.
a. True
b. False
Which list describes the sequence scientists typically follow in the beginning stages of
their investigations about how nature works?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYanalyze data → search literature → perform
experiment → identify a problem → ask a question
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYask a question → search literature → perform
experiment → analyze data → identify a problem
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsearch literature → ask a question → identify a
problem → analyze data → perform experiment
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYidentify a problem → search literature → ask a
question → perform experiment → analyze data
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYask a question → search literature → identify a
problem → perform experiment → analyze data
The central view of neoclassical economists is that economic growth is ____.
a. the only path to a truly freemarket system
b. the natural solution to many problems
c. paramount to all other concerns
d. limited by resource availability
e. unlimited, regardless of resource limitations
A scientific law ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis a hypothesis that has been proven
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis what a theory becomes when it passes
experimental tests
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis called that because there are consequences
when it is broken
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis a welltested and widely accepted description
of what we find happening repeatedly and in the same way in nature
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdetermines the series of steps that should be
followed when designing an experiment to test a hypothesis
Cities can be susceptible to flooding because
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthey are usually built in closed depressions
with no outlet for water
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbuildings and paved surfaces increase runoff
and overload storm drains
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrainfall is greatly increased over cities
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthere are more trees to take up water
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthey are rarely built near rivers that can carry
the water away
The Superfund Act was designed to make polluters pay for cleaning up hazardous
waste, however taxpayers are now paying for the polluters, albeit to a lesser extent.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe world is not about to run out of oil because
we can rely more on unconventional heavy oil from depleted oil wells and other
sources. However, these sources of oil will likely result in ____, higher environmental
impacts, higher production costs, and higher oil prices.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased international conflict
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecreased production
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlower net energy yields
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgreater technological input
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased CO2 output
Although it has been largely phased out in most countries, the World Health
Organization (WHO) supports the limited use of ____________________ to control the
spread of malaria.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Tropical forests in the Amazon and other South American countries are cleared or
burned primarily ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdue to urban sprawl
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYto enable the construction of major highways
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfor lumber needed in growing cities
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfor cattle grazing and large soybean plantations
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYto enable the expansion of mining
Which of the following best represents the process of aerobic respiration?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYglucose + carbon dioxide → oxygen + water +
energy
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYglucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water +
energy
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenergy + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water +
glucose
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwater + glucose → oxygen + carbon dioxide +
energy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenergy + glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide
+ water
The recycling process of what metal produces 95% less air pollution and 97% less
water pollution, and uses 95% less energy than mining and processing its ore?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcopper
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlithium
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsilica from glass
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsteel
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaluminum
Several antimalarial drugs have become more effective against the Plasmodium
parasites since about 1970.
a. True
b. False
A plant called kenaf would help to reduce the pressure to cut trees because its fiber is
very useful for ____.
a. paper manufacturing
b. home construction material
c. furniture making
d. fencing and decking material
e. fabric for outdoor carpeting
The IPAT model calculates the environmental impact of human activities based on
____.
a. policy, adaptation, and cultural traditions
b. pollution, adaptation, and trade practices
c. pollution, agriculture, and technology
d. population size, agriculture, and trade practices
e. population size, affluence, and technology
Costa Rica is a global conservation leader.
a. True
b. False
As a population approaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the ____shaped curve of
its exponential growth is converted to a(n) ____shaped curve of logistic growth that
fluctuates around a certain level.
a. J; S
b. S; J
c. I; L
d. L; V
e. I; U
In a marketbased economic system, economic decisions about prices are controlled by
____.
a. supply and demand
b. the government
c. past customs and experience
d. the banks
e. fullcost pricing
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBefore humans evolved, species never went
extinct.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMountains ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhave deep, rich soils
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrecover quickly from vegetation loss
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdo not affect climate
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhave little biodiversity
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYserve as sanctuaries for animals that are driven
from lowland areas
In the United States, approximately 67% by weight of all municipal solid waste is
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYshipped to foreign countries for disposal
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrecycled and reused
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdumped in the ocean
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsent to wastetoenergy incinerators
e. buried in sanitary landfillsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Exchanging industrial hazardous wastes through clearinghouses might be a good way to
reduce disposal of waste and pollution.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYRecycling, reuse, and composting create six to
ten times as many ____ as landfills and waste incineration.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproblems
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbenefits
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadvantages
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYjobs
e. opportunitiesHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Natural capital degradation is a consequence of living unsustainably.
a. True
b. False
We can say that on a longterm basis, the ____ principle of sustainability has especially
helped life on the earth to adapt to drastic changes in environmental
conditions.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwise use
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenergy cycling
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnutrient cycling
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenergy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiodiversity
Subatomic particle with a positive charge
Some desert plants reduce evaporation by closing their pores during the day and
opening them at night to take up
____________________.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
___________________ sewage treatment systems are those that work with nature and
are sustainable alternatives to conventional systems.
A wetland ecosystem cycles nitrogen as well as phosphorus.
In the early 1930s, the Great Plains experienced an extreme drought known as the
____________________ that occurred because too many fields were overplowed and
left open to hot dry winds and severe soil erosion.
On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage that has a
high birth rate and a high death rate.
Explain how growing corn in the Midwest creates a ‘dead zone’ in the Gulf of Mexico.
On the accompanying graph, explain what the designation LD50 means.
Explain how the rain shadow effect occurs.
Clearly explain the relationship between irrigation and salinization of soils.
____________________ is the process whereby the earth’s life changes over time
through changes in the genes of populations of organisms in succeeding generations.
On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which
death rates decrease and birth rates are high.
List two strategies for reducing firerelated harm to forests and to people who use or live
in the forests.
Pollution from synthetic inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can be prevented through
____________________ farming.