If levels of attrition are high among study participants, _____ will threaten the internal
validity of the study.
A. history
B. maturation
C. testing
D. instrumentation
E. mortality
Which of the following is a type of behavioral observation?
A. Nonverbal behavior
B. Linguistic behavior
C. Activity observation
D. Extralinguistic behavior
E. Spatial behavior
Which of the following is a condition in which observation is an appropriate method for
data collection?
A. Anonymity is desired
B. Respondents are widely dispersed
C. Attitudinal information is needed
D. Natural setting is imperative
E. Extensive amount of information is needed
A lakefront resort is planning for its summer busy season. It wishes to estimate with
95% confidence the average number of nights each guest will stay in a single visit.
Using a sample of guests who stayed last year, the average number of nights per guest is
calculated at 5 nights. The standard deviation of the sample is 1.5 nights. The size of the
sample used is 120 guests and the resort desires a precision of plus or minus .5 nights.
What is the standard error of the mean in the lakefront resort example?
A. .5
B. .065
C. .96
D. .13
E. 1.96
If a data difference is NOT caused only by random sampling fluctuations, it is said to
have _____.
A. resistance
B. statistical significance
C. substantive significance
D. reasonable doubt
E. practical significance
Which of the following is true of relationships among nominal measures?
A. When there is no relationship at all, the coefficient should be 1
B. When there is no relationship at all, the coefficient should be 0
C. When there is complete dependency, the coefficient should be negative
D. When there is complete dependency, the coefficient should be positive
E. None of the above
It is possible for a correlation coefficient of .12 to be statistically significant when
_____.
A. the variables have a positive covariance
B. the variables have a negative covariance
C. the sample is large
D. the sample is small
E. it is meaningful
What characteristic distinguishes the pretest-posttest control group design from the
nonequivalent control group design?
A. Membership in the experimental and control groups is naturally assembled in the
pretest-posttest control group design
B. Random assignment is not possible in the nonequivalent control group
C. No pretest is used in the nonequivalent control group design
D. One cannot determine which group was exposed to the treatment in the
nonequivalent control group design
E. No posttest is used in the nonequivalent control group design
Micah is reviewing encyclopedia entries, textbooks, handbooks, and magazine and
newspaper articles to gather information for her project. These are all examples of
_____ sources of information.
A. secondary
B. primary
C. tertiary
D. statistical
E. external
The _____ is the change in Y for a 1-unit change in X.
A. regression coefficient
B. slope
C. intercept
D. constant
E. error term
ANOVA can be used as a parametric test of _____.
A. one sample
B. two-related samples
C. two-unrelated samples
D. k-independent samples
E. all of the above
Statistics used to assess the strength of relationships for nominal data may be sensitive
to all of the following except _____.
A. table shape
B. number of cells in the table
C. type of sample
D. sample size
E. marginals
To operationalize an experiment, all ____ must be predetermined.
A. steps in the experiment
B. construct and concept definitions
C. researcher assignments
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Automobile is a(n) _____ concept, while service quality is a(n) _____ concept.
A. abstract; objective
B. subjective; objective
C. intangible; tangible
D. objective; abstract
E. factual; perceptual
Which of the following is a threat to a researcher’s ability to generalize the results of an
experiment?
A. Artificiality of a laboratory
B. Use of a field setting
C. Use of a probability sample
D. Control of extraneous variables
E. All of the above
A research variable is …
A. A person’s attitude
B. A single event
C. A characteristic under study
D. Something that can be described, reported or predicted.
E. All of the above.
Apple plans to survey every customer who has purchased an Apple computer in the last
5 years. Apple plans to use a _____.
A. convenience sample
B. snowball sample
C. systematic sample
D. census
E. random sample
Which section of a written technical report includes discussion of sampling design,
research design, and data collection procedures?
A. Introduction
B. Background
C. Methodology
D. Appendix
E. Findings
What percentage of respondents is contacted typically during data validation?
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 25%
D. 33%
E. 40%
The goal of ethics in research is to _____.
A. to ensure that no one is harmed
B. to protect researchers from legal liability
C. to identify what behavior is appropriate
D. to ensure research sponsors fulfill their legal obligations
E. none of the above
Allison is editing a data record and finds that a response of 7 has been entered for a
question that requests a response between 1 and 5. What should Allison do?
A. Enter a response between 1 and 5
B. Enter a response of unknown
C. Enter a mode for the question
D. Enter a 3 as a neutral response
E. None of the above
Which of the following statistical techniques identifies homogenous subgroups?
A. Factor analysis
B. Multivariate analysis of variance
C. Cluster analysis
D. Multidimensional scaling
E. Discriminant analysis
In Nicolas Perricone’s first book, his affiliation with the Yale School of Dermatology
was identified on the front cover of the book. This enhanced the perceived credibility of
the information in the book using the _____ factor.
A. purpose
B. scope
C. authority
D. audience
E. format
Which of the following is not a type of evidence used to test causal hypotheses?
A. Covariation between variables A and B
B. Time order of events
C. Alternative causes
D. Disposition of variable B
E. All of the above can be used to test causal hypotheses
Which statement is NOT true concerning the t distribution?
A. Compared to the normal distribution, the t distribution has more area in the tails and
less in the center.
B. As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution approaches the
normal distribution.
C. The t distributions are skewed to the left.
D. The population variance is unknown and is estimated by the sample variance s2.
E. As the sample size increases beyond 120, the t and Z distributions are
indistinguishable.
What is reflected by the adjusted R2?
A. The standard error of the model
B. The significance of the equation
C. The number of variables used in the model
D. The model’s goodness of fit
E. The analysis of variance
Which of the following is a reason researchers use encyclopedias?
A. To verify spelling
B. To find authors and titles of prior works
C. To locate articles from a large set
D. To find historical information
E. All of the above
Which of the following is among the prefatory information provided in the ____ of a
written research report?
A. Executive summary
B. Introduction
C. Limitations
D. Appendices
E. Bibliography
During the _____ stage, the analyst will look for patterns of responses to the survey
questions.
A. data editing
B. data collection
C. data analysis
D. sampling
E. reporting
Which information source may be interpretations of a secondary source but is generally
represented by indexes, bibliographies, and Internet search engines?
A. Secondary
B. Primary
C. Tertiary
D. Statistical
E. External
Which technique is useful for discovering patterns among the variables in order to
determine if an underlying combination of the original variables can summarize the
original set?
A. Multidimensional scaling
B. Factor analysis
C. Conjoint analysis
D. Discriminant analysis
E. MANOVA