Salt from the region of the Aral Sea is being blown onto the alpine glaciers of the
Himalayas, and is causing them to melt at faster than normal rates.
a. True
b. False
Aquatic life zones are the aquatic equivalents of ____ on
land.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlakes
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrivers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiomes
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmountains
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYforests
What is the only effective way to protect groundwater?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpollution prevention
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommunitybased local clean up
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioremediation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsewage treatment
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstream restoration
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is a principle that can help us evaluate risk?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhen faced with a risk, make comparisons
with other risks.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYFocus on the lowest level of risk in every
situation.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConsult with a risk evaluation expert.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYFollow media reports on current risk levels of
emerging technologies.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAvoid all synthetic chemicals.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWe can prevent the spread of infectious diseases
by reducing the use of ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYantibiotics
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDDT
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtoxic chemicals
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYunclean water
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpathogens
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe departure of individuals from a population is
called ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYimmigration
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYemigration
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe prereproductive stage
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinertia
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological succession
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHIPPCO is ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan acronym that summarizes the Endangered
Species Act goals
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan acronym to summarize the direct causes of
extinction resulting from human activities
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe name of an ecotourism company in Africa
that specializes in hippopotamus sightings
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan acronym to summarize the health care right
to privacy act
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan trading company in Africa that sells
hippopotamus hides
While roughly a third of all ____ produced in the United States is thrown away, only
about 2.5% of this waste is composted.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpaper
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfood
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclothing
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwood
e. shrubberyHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIn 1957, Brazil imported wild African honeybees
to help increase honey production, but the bees displaced some native honeybee
populations, which led to a reduced honey supply. These African honeybees could be
described as ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutagens
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkeystones
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindicators
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinvasive
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYendemic
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY____ is the variety of processes such as energy
flow and matter cycling that occur within ecosystems as species interact with one
another in food webs.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBiome diversity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYGenetic diversity
c. Functional diversity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEcosystem diversity
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSpecies diversity
Viral and fungal diseases are among the factors that threaten amphibians.
a. True
b. False
Over the last 200 years, death rates have dropped sharply because of improved
sanitation and health care and the development of antibiotics and vaccines to help
control infectious diseases.
a. True
b. False
When the U.S. city of Fort Worth, Texas, instituted a feeperbag waste collection
program, the proportion of households recycling their trash plummeted from 85% to
21%.
a. True
b. False
The wolf reintroduction was based partly on its importance as a(n) ____.
a. indicator species
b. generalist species
c. furbearing species
d. keystone species
e. predator on grizzly bear cubs
Despite the open ocean’s low net primary productivity (NPP), it produces more of the
earth’s biomass per year than any other ecosystem or life zone.
a. True
b. False
The grasshopper effect is where winds sweep pollutants away and dilute them by
mixing them with cleaner air.
a. True
b. False
What is the best way for governments to support more sustainable use of nonrenewable
mineral resources?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenactment of more treaties
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconsensus on international policy
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenforcement of strict tax laws
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased depletion allowances
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreduced mining subsidies
To which international plan to curb poverty has the United States failed to contribute its
stated pledge?
a. Microlending and microfinance
b. The Ecology of Commerce
c. The Kyoto Protocol
d. The Basel Convention
e. Millennium Development Goals
Resource use per person is higher in the United States than it is in middleincome
countries like China.
a. True
b. False
Gray wolves disappeared from Yellowstone National Park because
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtheir habitat has severely degraded
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYof a series of devastating crown fires
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYelk were overhunted by humans
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthey were killed by humans
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa virus wiped out the population
Between the years 1955 and 2013, the total fertility rate in the world
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased from 2.8 to 6.5
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecreased from 5.0 to 2.5
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecreased from 2.5 to 1.6
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased from 1.6 to 2.5
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased from 2.5 to 2.8
Examples of economic services that oceans provide are
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfood
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwaste treatment
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrinking water
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtimber
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgroundwater recharge
What is a disadvantage of largescale hydropower?
a. There is a low net energy yield.
b. There are high CH4 emissions from rapid biomass decay in shallow tropical
reservoirs.
c. Most of the potential energy has already been tapped.
d. The generated electricity comes at a relatively high cost.
e. There are high emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants in temperate areas.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYProtons, neutrons, and electrons are all ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYforms of energy
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYequal in mass
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubatomic particles
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnegative ions
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcharged particles
Studies indicate that at least half of the world’s known species of terrestrial plants,
animals, and insects live in tropical forests.
a. True
b. False
According to some estimates, the North Pacific Garbage Patch occupies an area at least
the size of ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIreland
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEurope
c. the Mediterranean SeaHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYTexas
e. several square kilometersHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The blood of an average U.S. citizen contains traces of 212 different chemicals,
including potentially harmful chemicals such as arsenic and bisphenol A.
a. True
b. False
Nitrogen oxides can combine with water in the atmosphere and form nitric acid, one of
the components of harmful acid deposition.
a. True
b. False
Lightwater reactors generate about ____ of the world’s nucleargenerated electricity.
a. 95%
b. 85%
c. 75%
d. 65%
e. 55%
Two bird species that evolve to eat different insect species to reduce competition are
demonstratingHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresource partitioning
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommensalism
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutualism
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmimicry
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresilience
Malnourished individuals may become more prone to infections and disease.
a. True
b. False
The variety of genes found in a species or population is known as
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecies diversity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenetic diversity
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfunctional diversity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological diversity
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmolecular diversity
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of tree plantations.
____________________ are chemicals necessary for the life processes of plants and
animals.
The scientific theory of evolution explains how life on the earth changes over time due
to changes in the genes of____________________.
Discuss the specific hazards we face from infectious diseases and exposure from
chemicals and make a general statement about how we can reduce these major risks.
The movement of people into and out of specific geographic areas is called
____________________.
Another word for an autotroph is a(n) ____________________.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY____________________ is the biological science
that studies how living things interact with one another and with their environment.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Runoff of eroded soil and chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides from cropland,
feedlots, logged forests, urban streets, parking lots, lawns, and golf courses are
examples of __________ sources.
Explain both the positive and negative aspects of the Smokey the Bear educational
campaign.
Bacteria are more important in the ____________________ than in the carbon or
phosphorous cycles.
____________________ are processes provided by healthy ecosystems that support life
and human economies at no monetary cost to us.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Briefly explain how ecological sewage treatment systems work and how they are
advantageous over conventional sewage treatment systems.
Some tropical forests contain thousands of producer species.
____________________ operate illegally in many parks in lessdeveloped countries,
killing animals to obtain and sell items such as rhino horns, elephant tusks, and furs.
The ____________________ occupies those parts of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and
geosphere where life is found.