A heritable trait that improves the ability of an individual organism to survive and to
reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals in a population is called a(n)
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadaptation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutagen
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYniche
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchromosome
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYselection
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYApproximately 84% percent of all ____ used in
the United States is wasted.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural gas
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoil
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnuclear energy
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsolar energy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommercial energy
A positive feedback loop ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreases a change to a system
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalways results in a beneficial change to a
system
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecreases a change to a system
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnever results in a beneficial change to a system
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstabilizes a system
Global warming will cause flooding and increased precipitation in some areas, and yet
severe droughts in other areas.
a. True
b. False
According to the National Park Service, ____ degrades scenic views in many U.S.
national parks more than 90% of the time.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsoil erosion
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlogging
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYforest fires
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYair pollution
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacid rain
A group of organisms with a unique set of characteristics that distinguish it from other
groups of organisms is called a(n) ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecosystem
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsustainable society
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural resource
e. populationHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Using charcoal or resins to filter out harmful solids is a ____
method.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYphysical
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiological
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeological
e. physiologicalHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
When energy changes from one form to another, it always goes from a more useful to a
less useful form.
a. True
b. False
Slate and marble are types of sedimentary rock.
a. True
b. False
Atomic theory, the idea that all elements are made of up atoms, ____.
a. is a scientific theory
b. is a scientific law
c. is tentative science
d. is no longer considered to be correct
e. violates the law of conservation of matter
Heat is a major water pollutant that makes some species vulnerable to disease.
a. True
b. False
Per unit area, the application of synthetic pesticides is higher on typical crop fields than
it is on the average lawn.
a. True
b. False
About 96% of parklands in lessdeveloped countries are protected.
a. True
b. False
Soot generated in Europe is darkening arctic ice and lessening its ability to reflect
sunlight, thereby hastening the disappearance of ice in the Arctic.
a. True
b. False
Some nations have experienced an increase in certain crop yields after greatly cutting
pesticide use.
a. True
b. False
The economically and politically powerful interests that receive perverse subsidies
spend a lot of time and money on ____, thus shifting to nonperverse subsidies would be
difficult.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlobbying
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlawyers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbribes
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolicies
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoliticians
Nonpoint sources of pollution ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenter ecosystems from single, identifiable
sources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare more difficult and costly to control than
point sources
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinclude smokestacks and automobile exhaust
pipes
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare cheaper and easier to identify than point
sources
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare always found in rural areas
Plantation agriculture is used primarily to reduce soil erosion and restore soil fertility.
a. True
b. False
Which statement is true with regard to keystone species?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAnimals can be keystone species, but plants
cannot.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYTop predators can be keystone species, but
other animals cannot.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYInsects can never be keystone species because
they are pests.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSome keystone species are more vulnerable to
extinction than other species.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA species must have a very large population
size in order to be a keystone species.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA ____ disease, like most cancers, is not caused
by a living organism and does not spread from one person to another.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtransmissible
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnontransmissible
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcultural
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThere are an estimated 50,000 to 60,000
orangutans in the wild that are ____ at a rate of 1,000 to 2,000 per year.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbecoming threatened
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbecoming endangered
c. increasing speciation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYraising ecotourism dollars
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisappearing
Some research suggests that outdoor air pollution, mostly in the form of fineparticle
pollution, contributes to the deaths of approximately 200,000 Americans every year.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSome researchers estimate that one out of every
five people infected with ____ are not aware of the infection.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYE. coli
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYInfluenza
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMalaria
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHIV
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHBV
It is impossible for a shark that has been caught and returned to the ocean to drown.
a. True
b. False
Genetic resistance to antibiotic drugs is an important example of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYan adaptive trait in humans
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural selection
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa beneficial mutation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa harmful mutation
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYevolution
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency currently recommends that regulators
assume children face a risk factor ____ times that of adults when exposed to
carcinogenic chemicals.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 25
d. 50
e. 100
The average number of children born to women in a population during their
reproductive years is the ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrude birth rate
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtotal birth rate
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtotal fertility rate
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrude fertility rate
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpopulation’s natural rate of increase
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhile the hide of a male lion in Kenya will bring
in $1,000, if the same male lion lives to age seven, he would bring in approximately
____ ecotourist dollars.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa few hundred
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa few thousand
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY$5,000
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY$515,000
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY$1,000,000
Which common problem of U.S. cities is now an issue in United States national parks?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhomeless people
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlack of funding for schools
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYair pollution
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhigh crime rates
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalcoholism
Perennial crops remove and store more carbon from the atmosphere and require less
energy compared to growing annual crops in conventional monocultures.
a. True
b. False
When it comes to wood products, what is the most important step you can take to help
protect endangered species?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDo not buy furs or ivory.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDo not buy wood products from tropical or
oldgrowth forests.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDo not buy pet animals from the tropics.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSupport your local forester.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAvoid having campfires.
History shows that significant change usually comes from the bottom up when
individuals join together to bring about change.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAlthough burial of hazardous waste is the last
thing we should do, why then is this the most widely used method of dealing with our
hazardous waste?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolitics
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhealth
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlaziness
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlower cost
e. complexityHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA species of snake has evolved resistance to a
poisonous newt, allowing the snakes to prey on the newts. The newts have become
more poisonous over time, as a result, leading to a kind of evolutionary arms race. This
is an example of ____.
a. commensalism
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmimicry
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoevolution
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological succession
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental resistance
The per capita ecological footprint is the total ecological footprint for a given country
or area.
a. True
b. False
Discuss four ways with examples on how each of us can provide environmental
leadership.
Pollution levels inside cars that are stalled in traffic are up to 18 times higher than levels
outside.
Scientists estimate that since 1900, we have lost 75% of the ____________________ of
agricultural crops as genetic variety has declined.
____________________ are changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell that
can be inherited by offspring.
List the four characteristics of truly free market economic systems.
Explain briefly how global warming negatively impacts coral reefs.
A(n) ____________________ is a concentration of a particular wild aquatic species
suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water.
granite
Through photosynthesis, forests remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in
organic compounds, playing a role in the global ____________________ cycle.
The goods and services produced by the Earth’s natural processes that support all life
are called ____________________.
Unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that damages, impairs, or interferes with
hearing, causes stress, hampers concentration and work efficiency, or causes accidents
is called ____________________.
Explain how a population’s age structure affects whether it will grow or decline.
The bloodsucking lamprey, which attaches to its host to feed, is an example of a(n)
_____________________.
A(n ) ____________________ is a set of organisms within a defined area of land or
volume of water that interact with one another and with their environment of nonliving
matter and energy.
One view of population growth proposes that____________________ advances have
allowed humans to avoid the pressure of environmental limits that all populations of
other species face.
About 72% of the world’s proven crude oil reserves are controlled by an organization
known as ____________________.
The nitrate ion
On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone where coral reefs would be located.