Milton Friedman’s perspective is that the only social responsibility of a business is to
a. provide social benefit for the messes.
b. give jobs to the hard workers.
c. pay taxes to keep the government operating.
d. make money for its owners.
Answer:
The Fugger dynasty was an example of
a. industrial capitalism.
b. mercantile capitalism.
c. financial capitalism.
d. globalized capitalism.
Answer:
The United States has more of what per employee than any other industrial nation?
a. timeclocks
b. work injuries
c. sprains and strains
d. managers
Answer:
According to Locke,
a. individuals are morally entitled to take other people’s property.
b. property is a moral right.
c. individuals are not morally entitled to the products of their labor.
d. property acquisition is a duty.
Answer:
Some critics of capitalism believe that it rests on a flawed view of human beings
because
a. capitalism produces equality.
b. capitalism eliminates poverty.
c. capitalism assumes that well-being comes from greater material consumption.
d. capitalism offers a higher sense of purpose.
Answer:
Whistle-blowing involves exposing activities that are
a. sports related.
b. immoral or illegal.
c. too close to call.
d. boring and need some excitement.
Answer:
Due care is
a. based on the principle of caveat emptor.
b. based on the principle “let the buyer beware.”
c. the idea that consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and that consumer’s
interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer.
d. based on the principle of absolute liability.
Answer:
The case of the “deathbed promise” shows that
a. utilitarianism may lead to conclusions that conflict with commonsense morality.
b. keeping your promises never maximizes happiness.
c. it was wrong to have made the promise in the first place.
d. utilitarianism boils down to egoism.
Answer:
A common point of contention about corporations is
a. corporate punishment is no different from individual punishment.
b. modern corporations no longer utilize a CID structure.
c. philosophers and business theorists disagree whether corporations are moral agents.
d. if corporations are moral agents, then this relieves individual human beings of any
moral responsibility.
Answer:
In discussing the case of the truck stop cashier who is asked to write up phony chits or
receipts, the text argues that
a. there is nothing wrong with writing up the chits.
b. she should resign immediately.
c. she may be justified in “going along,” at least temporarily.
d. morality never requires us to sacrifice our own interests.
Answer:
Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job
related, and
a. partial toward friends.
b. equally applied.
c. ignore personality.
d. minimize nepotism.
Answer:
The concept of the “invisible hand” means
a. pursuit of private gain will bring the best overall results.
b. although it can’t be seen, the hand of government controls the economy.
c. feudalism inevitably gives rise to capitalism.
d. externalities must be internalized.
Answer:
The moral theorist William T. Blackstone claims that the right to a livable environment
a. would solve the problem of how to conserve resources.
b. prevents the use of government regulation to control the actions of business.
c. is a fundamental human right.
d. implies that non-human animals have no genuine moral rights.
Answer:
Terms like “can be,” “as much as,” and “help,” are examples of
a. concealment of facts.
b. truth in advertising.
c. ambiguity.
d. consumer confidence.
Answer:
Which of the following is true of factory farms?
a. They are smaller these days than they used to be.
b. The people who run them are brutal.
c. Contrary to the critics, the animals in them rarely suffer.
d. They permit the mass production of meat at low prices.
Answer:
Which statement is true from an ethical perspective?
a. The argument for strict liability is basically utilitarian.
b. Strict liability is identical with absolute liability.
c. The concept of due care is identical with that of caveat emptor.
d. The argument for due care is basically Kantian.
Answer:
Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on
someone who is not in a position to refuse it.
Answer:
Aristotle’s formal principle of justice states,
a. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her need.
b. similar cases must be treated alike except where there is some relevant difference.
c. all people are to be treated the same in every situation.
d. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her merit.
Answer:
Evidence for the idea that American manufacturing is declining is
a. the fact that government now employs more people than manufacturing.
b. a reluctance to outsource.
c. fewer “hollow” corporations.
d. a shrinking trade deficit.
Answer:
Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
a. job performance. c. job analysis.
b. job discrimination. d. job description.
Answer:
According to libertarianism,
a. there are no natural, Lockean rights.
b. we have a basic right to assistance from others.
c. it would be unjust to coerce people to give food or money to the starving.
d. happiness takes priority over other moral concerns.
Answer:
The most common reason that people leave their jobs is
a. low wages.
b. too much overtime.
c. a poor relationship with their immediate supervisor.
d. lousy benefits.
Answer:
Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons.
Which of the following is one of those reasons?
a. to equalize their relationship with their employers
b. to distinguish themselves from carpenters and shoemakers
c. to gain control of the German government
d. to avoid having to set minimal standards for their crafts
Answer:
For those who are trying to make moral decisions,
a. it is impossible to make progress on controversial ethical issues unless everyone
shares the same moral theory.
b. endorsing a moral principle doesn’t require you to apply it in all similar situations.
c. moral judgments don’t have to be related to some general moral principles.
d. in a moral discussion, clarifying the facts and spelling out the principles to which
people are appealing can help us to reach a solution.
Answer:
Accepting a moral principle
a. is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis.
b. generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake.
c. means you will never go against that principle.
d. is a religiously based act of faith.
Answer:
Evidence for the idea that American manufacturing is declining is
a. the fact that government now employs more people than manufacturing.
b. a reluctance to outsource.
c. fewer “hollow” corporations.
d. a shrinking trade deficit.
Answer:
In Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission, the U.S. Supreme Court
a. defined the free-speech rights of corporations for the first time.
b. defended the first Amendment right of corporations to spend money to support
political candidates they favor.
c. said that banking procedures are to be regulated by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
d. said that states should be permitted to distinguish between the rights of individuals
and the rights of corporations.
Answer:
Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
a. job performance.
b. job discrimination.
c. job analysis.
d. job description.
Answer:
Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits
a. tests given to employees or applicants to have inconsistent results.
b. tests given to employees or applicants from being invalid.
c. tests given to employees or applicants from being unreliable.
d. employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment
or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to
job performance.
Answer:
Business has considered the environment to be
a. a scarce commodity.
b. free and nearly limitless.
c. a limited supply.
d. costly.
Answer:
One of the three chief sources for dissatisfaction in the workplace is
a. lack of opportunities to be promoted faster.
b. lack of opportunities to have a company vehicle.
c. lack of opportunities to have one’s own office.
d. lack of opportunities to be one’s own boss.
Answer:
The best statement concerning corporations is
a. corporations don’t need moral codes.
b. corporate culture refers to the cultural activities sponsored by the company for its
employees.
c. pollution caused by corporations isn’t an externality.
d. corporate culture can be both explicit and implicit.
Answer:
One key questionable premise underlying personality tests is
a. they sometimes screen out potentially creative or individualistic employees.
b. they presuppose that all employees can be validly placed in a small number of
categories.
c. they can help determine job applicants’ areas of adequacy and inadequacy.
d. that all individuals can usefully and validly be placed into a relatively small number
of categories of personality types and character traits.
Answer:
The Supreme Court gave decision making power for Eminent domain to the
a. feds.
b. states and local communities
c. townships.
d. parents.
Answer:
“If you want to go to law school, then you must take the LSAT exam.” This statement is
an example of
a. the transcendental imperative. c. a hypothetical imperative.
b. the categorical imperative. d. irrational behavior.
Answer:
When does a conflict of interest arise?
Answer:
According to the Supreme Court, men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.
Answer:
According to Milton Friedman, business has no social responsibilities other than to
maximize profits so long as it follows the rules of the game.
Answer:
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established in 1914 to protect consumers
against deceptive advertising.
Answer:
In business and elsewhere, an action can be legal and morally wrong.
Answer:
The breaking up of jobs into smaller and smaller units, with each worker performing
fewer tasks but repeating them thousands of times a day, has contributed to health
problems in manufacturing.
Answer:
Utilitarians reject the very idea of a natural right to property.
Answer:
Most business observers agree with Berle and Means that, because stock ownership in
large corporations is so dispersed, actual control of the corporation has passed to
management.
Answer:
Justice is frequently held to require that our treatment of people reflect their
fundamental moral equality.
Answer:
Statistics indicate that the faith consumers place in manufacturers is often misplaced.
Answer:
Tampering with the ecosystem always has injurious effects.
Answer:
One problem that OSHA will have to address in the future is the increasing number of
musculoskeletal disorders.
Answer:
Three approaches have gained the most attention when it comes to achieving our
environmental goals: the use of regulations, incentives, and pricing mechanisms.
Answer:
Enron executives acted wrongly simply because they broke the law.
Answer:
An individual is usually an equal with the employer in the negotiation process.
Answer:
Sometimes companies require employees to sign contracts restricting their ability to get
a job with, or start, a competing company. Because they can conflict with freedom of
employment, not all such “noncompete” or “nondisclosure” contracts are legally valid.
Answer:
According to John Rawls, people in the original position do not know what social
position or status they hold in society.
Answer:
Rawls’s theory of distributive justice is a form of utilitarianism.
Answer:
According to Jennifer Moore the real reason insider trading should be prohibited is that
it undermines the fiduciary relationship that is at the heart of business management.
Answer: