The Wilderness Act passed in 1964 allows the government to ____.
a. take legal action against environmental degradation in wildlife preserves
b. protect native species
c. protect undeveloped tracts of public land
d. protect national parks and reserves
e. rotate usage of wildlife areas
Slate and marble are ____ rocks.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. metamorphic
d. igneous
e. sedimentary
Ethanol is a promising fuel for automobile because it has a higher net energy yield than
gasoline.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat resource is used to generate about 40% of
the electricity generated in the United States in 2013?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoal
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnuclear
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrenewables
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoil
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural gas
One an advantage of buses in cities is that they
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcosteffective only in densely populated areas
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare quiet and nonpolluting
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYburn no fossil fuels
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYuses less land than roads and parking lots use
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcan be rerouted as needed
Wetlands that can increase sustainable agriculture and forestry can be found in ____.
a. floodplains
b. swamps
c. coastal areas
d. near lakes
e. in areas with high rain
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEcological medicine is a relatively new field of
study devoted to ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfinding a cure for AIDS
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe ecology of sick people
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtracking disease connections that are
transmitted from animal species to humans
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinternational diseases such as Avian flu
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe illegal international trade in wild species
Climate moderation is an ecosystem service provided by the oceans.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhy has the percentage of deaths due to
infectious diseases dropped from 1970 to 2010?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe use of pesticides has become increasingly
effective at killing biological threats.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThere are fewer people living in poverty as
nations become more developed.
c. Less people live in diseaseprone areas.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYPublic health education campaigns have been
successful at prevention.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA growing number of children were
immunized against the major infectious diseases.
When a natural system gets locked into a positive feedback loop, it can reach an
ecological tipping point.
a. True
b. False
What type of irrigation commonly used in developing nations loses 45% of the water
applied?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcenter pivot
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrip
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgravity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYflood
e. sprinklerHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Energy can be formally defined as the ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYvelocity of any moving object
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYheat generated by atoms losing electrons
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcapacity to do work
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisplacement of heat from the sun to the earth
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprocess of moving objects
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSome bats prey on certain moths, hunting them
using echolocation. Some of those moths have evolved ears sensitive to the sound
frequencies bats use to locate them, helping them to avoid being caught. The bats, in
turn, have evolved to change the frequency they use. This interaction is an example of
____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresource partitioning
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYintraspecific competition
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasitism
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoevolution
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutualism
The transition zone between two ecosystems or biomes is called the
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioline
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinterbiome
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbuffer
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioboundary
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecotone
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is a type of chemical hazard?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYunsafe working conditions
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasites
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpollution
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbacteria
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfungi
Plants utilize a portion of their gross primary productivity (GPP) for respiration.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSome species have evolved warning coloration,
which ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYblinds their prey
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmakes them look large and intimidating
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsignals that they are about to attack
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadvertises that they are badtasting,
badsmelling, or stinging
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsignals to others in their group that they should
flee
Each person in the U.S. uses an average of 24 tons of mineral resources per year.
a. True
b. False
Stinkbugs can release a foul smell when threatened. This is an example of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarning coloration
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcamouflage
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecholocation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical warfare
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmimicry
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe most common gas in the atmosphere is ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnitrogen
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydrogen
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmethane
What is the most efficient form of irrigation?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYflood irrigation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcenterpivot irrigation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlow pressure irrigation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprecision sprinkler irrigation
e. drip irrigationHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Food chains and food webs show how producers, consumers, and decomposers are
connected to one another as chemical energy flows through different ____ in an
ecosystem.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsecondary producers
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtrophic levels
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiospheres
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe hydrologic cycle
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYabiotic components
During the 20th century, the world’s average sea level has risen by 7.6 inches.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA reason that mercury is so persistent in the
environment or living organisms is that it is an element and thus cannot be broken down
or degraded.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Some governments have addressed the problems associated with slums and squatter
settlements by granting legal titles to the land because ____.
a. they are forced to by protests and riots
b. residents can use the title to get loans
c. poor people usually improve their living conditions once they know they have a
permanent place to live
d. property taxes then provide enough funds to extend services into these areas
e. this absolves the government of any obligation to assist the residents
A disadvantage to the green revolution is the intensive use of commercial inorganic
fertilizers.
a. True
b. False
How is an oxygen sag curve created?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYunlined landfills, household chemicals, mining
refuse, and industrial discharges
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbreakdown of biodegradable wastes by
bacteria depletes dissolved oxygen
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbacteria from livestock and foodprocessing
wastes, and excess salts from soils of irrigated cropland
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmajor erosion of sediments and runoff of toxic
chemicals
e. animal feedlots, foodprocessing facilities, paper
millsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The rate of cooling between 1998 and 2013 is most likely due to the advances in clean
energy production and conservation efforts mandated by the Kyoto Protocol.
a. True
b. False
The San Andreas fault in California is an example of a transform boundary.
a. True
b. False
The species–area relationship suggests that if 90% of a coral reef is lost, then ____.
a. 90% of the species utilizing the reef will go extinct
b. 100% of the species will go extinct
c. 50% of the species will go extinct
d. speciation of invasive animals will increase
e. the habitat will forever become fragmented
While climate change is a serious threat to natural ecosystems, it is not a threat to
human health.
a. True
b. False
Denmark ____ 54% of its municipal solid waste in stateoftheart facilities that exceed
European air pollution standards by a factor of
10.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYburies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincinerates
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrecycles
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreuses
e. compostsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Earthworms, some insects, and vultures are all examples of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproducers
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdetritus feeders
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecomposers
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYscavengers
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsecondary consumers
A 2009 EPA study concluded that ____________________ emit more air pollutants
than modern wastetoenergy incinerators.
____________________ is the most efficient and sometimes leastcostly way to cut
trees and it provides benefits for landowners and timber companies, but it can also harm
an ecosystem by causing increased erosion, sediment pollution of nearby waterways,
and losses in biodiversity.
The emission of ____________________ from certain trees and plants in urban areas
can promote the formation of photochemical smog.
The period of high birth rates in the United States between 1946 and 1964 is known as
the ____________________.
A(n) ____________________ includes an organism’s range of tolerance for physical
and chemical conditions.
____________________ is a process by which chemicals entering the food chain in
lower organisms become concentrated as they move to animals at higher trophic levels.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
A way to grow food on steep slopes or mountainsides without depleting topsoil is called
____________________.
On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone that contains the majority of all marine
species.
On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with similar
numbers of males and females in the prereproductive as in the reproductive age.
Starting a business that converts old worn out automobile tires into useful things like
shoes is an example of ____________________.
How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
When chemical pollutants reach a(n) ____________________, successful cleanup is
often not possible or is too expensive.
What are the three major reasons why the Colorado River system will be directly
affected by current drought conditions?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA population of fish contains fish of several
different colors.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Explain how soil erosion, associated with poor agricultural practices, can lead to a
decrease in dissolved oxygen in bodies of water.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA resource such as solar energy that cannot be
diminished by overuse is called a(n) ____________________.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Explain why rselected species may go through irregular and unstable boomandbust
cycles in their population sizes.
What are two ways to save money in existing buildings?
Explain why it is incorrect to say that scientific theories are unreliable because they are
not scientific laws.