HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAffluence always has negative environmental
effects.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Groundwater found in layers of rock, sand, and gravel is called
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYunderground lakes
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaquifers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwetlands
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbasins
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstocks
In terms of diversity, coral reefs are the marine equivalents to tropical rainforests.
a. True
b. False
If the biomass of flowers that support the butterflies was known to contain 100,000
units of energy, and certain bird species were eating the butterflies that foraged on the
flowers, what amount of energy, on average, could be expected to be transferred to the
birds?
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1,000
d. 10,000
e. 50,000
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the resulting spoils
from ____ have buried lengths of stream that are roughly equal to the distance between
the two U.S. cities of New York and Chicago?
a. subsurface mining
b. mountaintop removal
c. strip mining
d. openpit mining
e. surface mining
Which statement about emissions trading is false?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe success of emissions trading programs
depends on how low the initial cap is set.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by the
emissions trading system in the United States.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCheating is possible without strict government
oversight.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe success of emissions trading programs
depends on how often the cap is lowered to promote continuing innovation in air
pollution prevention and control.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIt forces all utilities to reduce the amount of
pollution they emit.
Polyculture lessens the need for fertilizer and water.
a. True
b. False
Coral reefs occupy about ____ of the ocean floor.
a. 0.2%
b. 14%
c. 27%
d. 46%
e. 68%
The change in human population over the last 200 years ____.
a. has mainly involved regional differences, while the total number has remained
constant
b. has reduced the total population
c. is sustainable
d. has followed an Scurve
e. has followed a Jcurve
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHighquality energy is required to ____.
a. recycle highquality energy
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenerate hydroelectric power
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproduce renewable energy
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYextract and refine some nonrenewable energy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincrease energy efficiency in some devices
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe three deadliest viruses in the world are
pneumonia and flu, HIV/AIDS, and ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmeasles
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhepatitis B
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmalaria
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtuberculosis
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdiarrheal diseases
The ____________________ relationship explains how 90% of land habitat loss can
cause 50% of the species to go extinct in a given area.
Human activities affect the hydrologic cycle by making changes to the land surface that
reduce infiltration and increase runoff.
a. True
b. False
A source of groundwater contamination in coastal areas is saltwater intrusion.
a. True
b. False
The function of the thick outer coverings of insects and reptiles like rattlesnakes in
desert biomes is to ____.
a. prevent sunburn
b. reduce water loss through evaporation
c. prevent drowning during typical desert flash floods
d. prevent sunburn and reduce water loss
e. serve as protection during competitive action during mating seasons
Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
a. infrared radiation
b. radio waves
c. visible light
d. ultraviolet (UV) radiation
e. microwaves
The oceans contain about ____ of the earth’s water.
a. 38%
b. 55%
c. 71%
d. 85%
e. 97%
The primary threat to polar bears is pollution from oil spills in Arctic waters.
a. True
b. False
According to the ____, all species have value as participating members of the
biosphere, regardless of their potential or actual use to
humans.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhumancentered environmental worldview
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYearthcentered environmental worldview
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlifecentered environmental worldview
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsuncentered environmental worldview
e. geocentered environmental worldviewHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
A fundamental idea behind ____ is understanding that natural capital supports our
economies.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental economics
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmentalism
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsustainability
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplanetary management
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental literacy
Analyses of budgets and appropriations reveal that the government has given an
average of $2.7 million a day in ____ for privatelyowned interests that use U.S. public
lands for activities such as mining, fossil fuel extraction, logging, and livestock grazing.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental exemptions
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYloans and grants
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresources and equipment
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpermits and licenses
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubsidies and tax breaks
What is a way to restore land that has undergone desertification?
a. crop rotation
b. irrigation
c. fertilizing with green manure
d. fertilizing with animal manure
e. planting trees and plants
Japan became the world’s second largest importer of coal as a result of the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.
a. True
b. False
The U.S. EPA estimates that recycling and composting in the United States in 2010
reduced emissions of climatechanging carbon dioxide by an amount roughly equal to
that emitted by 36 million ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydraulically fractured gas wells
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbarrels of oil
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtons of coal
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpassenger vehicles
e. power plantsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Permafrost is characteristic of the ____ biome.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtropical savanna
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYArctic tundra
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcold desert
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthorn woodland
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeciduous forest
At least half of the known species of terrestrial plants and animals are found
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYin both temperate and tropical rainforests
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYonly in temperate rainforests
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYonly in tropical rainforests
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYin deciduous forests
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYevenly distributed amongst the biomes of the
earth
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAn endangered species is best described as any
species that ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhas fewer than two individuals remaining
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis in danger of becoming rare
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwill soon become extinct in all or part of its
range
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmay eventually become threatened
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis considered economically important
Which of the following contributes most to sustainability?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYabundant use of resources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdistribution of poverty
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrapid population growth
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinclusion of environmental and health costs in
market prices
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural capital degradation
Which country is the world’s largest producer of solid waste?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYUnited States
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYChina
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYRussia
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIndia
e. BrazilHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Given the nature of the carbon cycle, it is possible that a single atom of carbon that is in
your skin could have once been part of your own great grandmother, or even a dinosaur.
a. True
b. False
Despite its low net primary productivity (NPP), the open ocean produces more of the
earth’s biomass per year than any other ecosystem or life zone because ____.
a. growth is not limited by nutrient availability
b. whales are so large
c. of the enormous volume of the global ocean
d. more sunlight is available
e. there are fewer primary consumers
Magnitude is the measure of ground motion or tremors caused by an earthquake, as
indicated by the ____________________ of seismic waves.
Why has Nobel Prize–winning chemist Paul Crutzen warned that intensive farming of
biofuel crops could speed up atmospheric warming?
____________________ refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an
entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.
A(n) ____________________ consists of populations of different species living in a
particular place and potentially interacting with each other.
shale
The ____________________ school, led by naturalist John Muir, wanted wilderness
areas on some public lands to be left untouched.
Eating less or no meat could help reduce ____________________ emissions.
When a lot of water is pumped from an aquifer, or when there is a drought, the
____________________ may become lowered.
One of the environmental problems with gold mining is the leftover and sometimes
leaky leach ponds that contain ____________________.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are largely related to the position of
____________________ as they separate, collide, and slide past one another.
Uncut forests or regenerated forests that have not been significantly impacted by
humans or natural disasters for several hundred years or more are known as
____________________ forests.
A volcano is created when ____________________ rises via plume or in a fissure
through the lithosphere.
In 1995 and 1996, federal wildlife officials reintroduced ____________________ to
Yellowstone National Park.
The most common interaction among species is ____________________, which occurs
when members of one or more species interact to use the same limited resources such as
food, water, light, and space.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDoes the feeding behavior illustrated in the
accompanying diagram result in increased interspecific competition or decreased
interspecific competition?
ANSWER: It results in decreased interspecific competition through resource
partitioning.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Granite is a type of ____________________ rock.