Which term best describes the processes provided by healthy ecosystems that support
life and human economies at no monetary cost to us?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnonpoint sources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoint sources
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsustainable principles
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural resources
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecosystem services
The progress in reducing the ozone depletion problem could be set back by the
projected ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgrowth of developing countries
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreased use in manufacturing
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrising use of CFCs
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclimate change
e. increased cloud cover in the troposphereHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is affected by the carbon cycle.
a. True
b. False
What is the type of agriculture most likely to be found in developing countries?
a. maximumtillage agriculture
b. traditional subsistence agriculture
c. industrialized agriculture
d. minimumtillage agriculture
e. highinput agriculture
According to water resource experts, what are the two main causes of water waste?
a. lack of government subsidies for improving the efficiency of water use and ignorance
about the amount of water being wasted
b. low cost of water to users and lack of government subsidies for improving the
efficiency of water use
c. industrial agricultural practices and over irrigation
d. lack of information about efficient irrigation systems and lack of regulation of water
use
e. unsustainable management and overpumping of aquifers
During El Nio conditions, ____.
a. ocean currents accelerate in the Pacific Ocean, bringing warmer weather to Japan
b. ocean currents slow in the Atlantic Ocean, bringing cooler weather to Europe
c. the thermocline throughout the Pacific Ocean deepens
d. the thermocline in the central Atlantic Ocean rises, bringing cold, deep water to the
surface
e. the thermocline in the eastern Pacific Ocean deepens, disrupting upwelling
Enacting laws will not provide incentives for recycling ewaste and plastics.
a. True
b. False
What phenomenon can alter the hydrologic cycle on a global scale?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgravity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclimate change
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYelectricity
d. geothermal energyHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwind
Biodiversity is defined as the variety of genes, organisms, species, and ecosystems in
which organisms exist and interact, and plays an important role in the longterm
sustainability of life on Earth.
a. True
b. False
All chemicals in commercial use were screened for toxicity before they were made
available to the public.
a. True
b. False
Indirect forms of solar energy, such as wind and flowing water, provide us with
inexhaustible power that we can use to produce electricity.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBiomes are uniform, with sharp boundaries
separating them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Humans have used ____ to change the genetic characteristics of populations to generate
individuals with desired traits.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecialist species
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological niches
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkeystone species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYartificial selection
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubjective selection
The EPA estimates that running a typical gaspowered riding lawn mower for an hour
creates as much air pollution as driving 34 cars for an hour.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat important form of natural capital has
allowed human civilization to grow over the past 10,000 years?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfossil fuels
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYagriculture
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtechnology
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreasingly warmer climate
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrelatively stable climate
Which organism would best be described as a specialist species?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYflies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcockroaches
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwhitetailed deer
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpanda bears
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhumans
The tragedy of the commons is a phenomenon that occurs only when the number of
users of a resource is small.
a. True
b. False
When environmental conditions change dramatically or rapidly, a population of a
species faces three possible futures: adapt to the new conditions through natural
selection, migrate (if possible) to another area with more favorable conditions, or
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwait until conditions improve
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrossbreed with another species
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbecome extinct
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcontrol environmental conditions
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbecome invasive
What is an advantage of hydrogen fuel?
a. It has a positive net energy yield.
b. It produces no CO2 when engineered from carbon compounds.
c. Its low cost eliminates the need for subsidies.
d. It can be produced from plentiful water at some sites.
e. It requires no new storage and distribution systems.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is the best way to reduce threats from
invasive species?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeradication
b. preventionHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpesticides
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenetic engineering
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtechnology and science
The majority of neoclassical economists would be expected to adopt a lifestyle of
voluntary simplicity because of our limited resources.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat is a volatile organic compound?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYorganic matter that is unstable at warmer
temperatures
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacidic gases generated by combustion of fossil
fuels
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgases that exist in the atmosphere or evaporate
from sources on earth
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcolorless and highly reactive gases
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYany solid particle or liquid compound that
mostly come from natural sources.
Scientific hypotheses differ from scientific theories in that they are ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwidely accepted descriptions of what we find
happening over and over in nature
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpossible, but not yet welltested, explanations of
data
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnot able to be tested
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYarrived at after extensive mathematical
modeling
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfacts rather than opinions
The global population of ____ is projected to triple between 2013 and 2050.
a. people who are 65 and older
b. women
c. men
d. men who are 15 to 45
e. people who are 10 and younger
How is ozone produced in the stratosphere?
a. Ozone is produced when oxygen molecules interact with ultraviolet radiation.
b. Ozone is produced from oxygen generated by photosynthesis.
c. Ozone is a greenhouse gas that is formed from combustion of fossil fuels.
d. Ozone forms as a result of mixing between the troposphere and stratosphere.
e. When ultraviolet radiation interacts with CO2, ozone (2O3) is formed.
Areas where poverty levels are high and where a large part of the economy depends on
various ecosystem services that are being degraded severely enough to threaten humans
and other species can be described as ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindicator ecosystems
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlife raft ecosystems
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeficit ecosystems
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYniche habitats
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcapitallimited habitats
The power of prevention was made clear by the 99% drop in atmospheric lead
emissions after lead in gasoline was banned in 1976.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA forest that is known for its yearround uniformly
warm temperature is the ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtemperate deciduous forest
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtaiga
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtropical rainforest
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYboreal forest
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubalpine forest
Scientists use ____ to alter an organism’s genetic material by adding, deleting, or
changing segments of its DNA to produce desirable traits or to eliminate undesirable
ones.
a. genetic engineering
b. natural selection
c. geographic isolation
d. speciation
e. genetic resistance
Pollution from human activities primarily affects human health, with any effects on the
environment are small in comparison.
a. True
b. False
Scientists hypothesize that some southern sea otters might be dying because coastal
area cat owners flush cat litter containing parasites in feces down their toilets or dump it
in storm drains that empty into coastal waters.
a. True
b. False
An ecocity is ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcaroriented
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindustryoriented
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprofitoriented
d. peopleoriented
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfamilyoriented
Surface fires burn away flammable material such as dry brush, increasing the likelihood
of more destructive fires.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe ____________________ system is a
complex network of glands that release tiny amounts of hormones into the bloodstreams
of humans and other vertebrate animals.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Water bottles can contain ____________________, which is an estrogen mimic that is
used as a hardening agent in certain plastics.
People who have to leave their homes and sometimes their countries because of water
or food shortages, soil erosion, or some other form of environmental degradation or
depletion are called ____________________.
The term ___________________ is misleading because it does not mean that all areas
of the earth are getting warmer every year.
Available deposits are called ____________________, which are deposits of oil and
natural gas that can be extracted profitably and using current technology.
The chemicals PCBs, arsenic, and lead are all examples of ____________________.
Calculating your ____________________ can help you understand how to reduce your
own personal carbon dioxide emissions.
A representative ____________________ is a form of government run by the people
through elected officials and representatives.
____________________ are conebearing, evergreen trees.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Explain how genes, traits, and chromosomes are related.
Low energy input ____________________ produces higher yields than does highinput
monoculture.
The health risks from exposure to such chemicals are magnified because most people in
developed urban areas spend 70–98% of their time indoors or inside vehicles.
Shift from carbonbased fossil fuels to a mix of lowcarbon renewable energy resources
based on local and regional availability.
The ____________________ is the layer of the atmosphere that contains the protective
ozone layer.
One way to save energy is through ____________________, which uses a combined
heat and power (CHP) system.
Contaminated water that leaks from landfills is called ____________________.
Most ____________________ areas are unsustainable systems.