Groups where members dislike each other and where they work at cross-purposes are
identified as uncohesive groups.
In establishing a cross-functional team, an organization would assign members to work
together all the time and to limit their special knowledge to a single product.
A U.S. communications company wanted to market its services in a third-world
country, but was hampered by the citizensʹ distrust of U.S. corporations. An appropriate
response would be to form a strategic alliance with a firm based in that country.
Organizations can help teams succeed by making sure that each member gets rewarded
for his/her individual performance.
According to the interactionist perspective, our behavior is influenced by both our
personality and the situation in which we find ourselves.
Repetition of previously experienced material in training sessions is a waste of time.
A large multinational company has multiple divisions within the U.S. and many foreign
countries. Each division has its own unique subculture. As a result, one would not
expect to find a dominant culture reflecting the companyʹs core values that are shared
throughout the organization.
People of a directive style of decision making prefer simple, clear solutions to
problems, and make decisions rapidly.
Ethics is about standards of conduct, not moral values.
Federal civil rights laws prohibit discrimination in employment based on sexual
orientation.
Research indicates that people can be more creative when they are closely supervised
and are able to work alone without distractions from coworkers.
The ʺMadison Avenueʺ mentality suggests that anything is right if the public can be
made to see it as right.
Jeremy, a youthful-looking manager can use non-verbal cues, such as always wearing a
coat and carrying a brief case to meetings, to send the message that he is an executive,
not an administrative assistant.
To use the Delphi technique, a group leader would assemble the members, present the
problem, and invite each to suggest possible solutions. There would be no evaluation of
the suggestions until all possible solutions had been submitted.
An organization with a market culture is characterized as valuing flexibility and
discretion while maintaining an external focus.
An adhocracy culture is often found in organizations that must make rapid changes in
the ways they operate.
Most managers have one dominant decision-making style, but use many different
styles.
Divergent thinking is the process of reframing familiar problems in unique ways. It can
be promoted by asking people to think of new ways for doing common tasks.
Scientists have found that there is no biological basis to peoplesʹ reactions to fairness.
Although there are many benefits from forming strategic alliances, they will fail if there
are serious differences in the management styles and cultures of the organizations
involved.
Informal communication involves the sharing of unofficial information outside of the
organizational chart.
A manager should choose a participating style when subordinates lack the skill to
succeed but require emotional support.
Organizations must react to changes in technology, but not to changes in economic
conditions.
A matrix organizational structure would be appropriate for a medium-sized
organization, with several distinct product lines, that operate in a complex and uncertain
environment.
Change that is continuous in nature and involves no major shifts in the way an
organization operates is known as first-order change.
People who take a long time to make decisions and change their minds frequently are
termed ʺbehavioral.ʺ
Since organizations are composed of human beings, the organizationʹs culture is a
melting pot of the various peoplesʹ personalities.
The focus of wellness programs is to systematically train employees in a variety of
things they can do to promote healthy lifestyles.
A person who announces ʺI am an Americanʺ is exhibiting personal identity.
Continuance commitment is not associated with high levels of job performance.
Appreciative inquiry, an OD technique, focuses attention away from the organizationʹs
shortcomings and towards its capabilities and potential.
The formal configuration between individuals and groups with respect to the allocation
of tasks,
responsibilities, and authority is referred to as
A) an organization chart.
B) organizational design.
C) the organizational hierarchy.
D) organizational structure.
According to ________, peopleʹs behavior is the result of the joint influences of both
personality and the nature
of the situation in which that behavior occurs.
A) the interactionist perspective
B) person-job fit assessment
C) the trait theory
D) the Big Five dimensions
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (1991) guide judges when
A) sentencing directors of firms who file false accounting data.
B) imposing fines on organizations whose employees engage in criminal acts.
C) penalizing employees who fail to report illegal activities of executives.
D) setting jail terms for CEOs who engage in unethical conduct.
What is the basic premise of operant conditioning?
A) People will seek outcomes that provide pleasure, while avoiding outcomes that
cause pain.
B) A personʹs basic instincts can be manipulated by linking specific rewards with
desired behaviors.
C) Behavior that results in a pleasurable outcome is more likely to be repeated.
D) People learn by associating the consequences of their behavior with the behavior
itself.
________ decisions involve directing an organization in some specific fashion,
according to an underlying
organizational philosophy or mission.
A) Innovative
B) Image
C) Programmed
D) Strategic
According to goal setting theory, performance is a function of
A) motivation and ability.
B) goal commitment and self-efficacy.
C) goal difficulty and goal clarity.
D) desire to achieve and valence of outcomes.
The ________ organizational theory argued that economic efficiency is not the only
goal of an industrial
organization, but that employee satisfaction is a goal as well.
A) mechanistic
B) neoclassical
C) organic
D) classical
Having creative coworkers raises an employeeʹs level of creativity when
A) rewards are closely linked to creative output.
B) the employees are not closely monitored.
C) the coworkers closely inspect each othersʹ work.
D) compensation is tied to effort and not necessarily results.
The primary function of a(n) ________ is to provide the vision for the organization,
while the ________ job is to
implement that vision.
A) board; executiveʹs
B) manager; employeeʹs
C) executive; leaderʹs
D) leader; managerʹs
Which of the following is NOT a rule of supportive communication?
A) Focus on the problem, not the person
B) Assertively defend your point of view
C) Keep the conversation going
D) Match your words and body language
Government agencies, which tend to have an internal focus and emphasizes stability
and control, are classified
as having a(n)
A) adhocracy culture.
B) hierarchy culture.
C) autocracy culture.
D) clan culture.
Elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration are all
A) bodily responses to stressors.
B) observable symptoms of a heart attack.
C) indications of a flight response.
D) instinctual reactions to depression.
During the preconventional level of moral reasoning, people interpret what is right
A) from the perspectives of others.
B) based on their religious beliefs.
C) with reference to the Golden Rule.
D) as whatever avoids punishment.
While ________ are overt reactions that express feelings about events, ________ is an
unfocused, relatively mild
feeling that exists as background to our daily experiences.
A) beliefs; mood
B) emotions; esteem
C) emotions; mood
D) beliefs; esteem
A supervisor discovers that holding high expectations of a subordinate tends to improve
that individualʹs
performance. This discovery is known as the
A) halo effect.
B) stereotypical effect.
C) Pygmalion effect.
D) Golem effect.
People in ʺin-groupsʺ are more likely to
A) resign from their jobs.
B) be less satisfied with their jobs.
C) receive more mentoring from their bosses.
D) be dissimilar to their bosses.
Which of the following would be classified as having a transactional contract?
A) An employee has held a variety of positions over many years and has had several
supervisors all at the
same firm.
B) A student is employed to clean and paint dorm rooms during the summer vacation.
C) A college professor is given a specific list of tenure requirements.
D) A new employee has certain beliefs about what work is to be performed and what
compensation and
other outcomes will be provided.
Simple rules of thumb that guide the decision-making process are called
A) heuristics.
B) framing.
C) analysis.
D) biases.
To be considered a group, a collection of individuals must
A) be recognized by the organization.
B) establish a formal organizational structure.
C) perceive themselves as being a group.
D) have at least three members.
Andrew is a server in a five-star restaurant. He is primarily concerned with maximizing
his tips. He does not care whether the other servers earn more or less than he does.
Andrewʹs personal orientation would be classified as
A) individualistic.
B) single-minded.
C) competitive.
D) equalizing.
Industrial psychologists Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are best known for the development
of
A) time and motion study.
B) the bureaucratic model.
C) assembly lines.
D) the human relations movement.
Which of the following statements are true?
A) Modern technology has relieved many of the sources of stress.
B) Stress is an indication of mental and psychological weakness.
C) It is possible for most people to live a stress-free life.
D) Stress is an unavoidable fact of organizational life today.
Motivation is defined as
A) the process of arousing, directing, and maintaining behavior towards a goal.
B) an inner force that stimulates a person to work towards a goal or an objective.
C) an individualʹs attempt to satisfy unmet needs and desires.
D) the state of inner disequilibrium that occurs when a goal is established.
Cross-functional teams are composed of employees
A) from the same specialty area taking on duties once performed by their supervisor.
B) who work together all the time.
C) who operate across space, time, and organizational boundaries.
D) at identical organizational levels, but from different specialty areas.
A(n) ________ is defined as a structured system consisting of groups and individuals
working together to meet some agreed-upon objectives.
A) task force
B) team
C) open system
D) organization
Emotional ________ is the tendency to see oneself as confident, secure, and steady.
A) intelligence
B) dissonance
C) development
D) stability
The underlying principle of scientific management is to
A) structure organizations for the efficient management of people.
B) apply statistical analysis to the design of jobs.
C) get people to do more work in less time.
D) eliminate the need for first-line supervisors.
According to social scientists, what are the fundamental beliefs regarding what is right
or wrong, good or bad?
A) Religious beliefs
B) Moral values
C) Social responsibilities
D) Personal ethics
Personality is defined as
A) the genetic makeup of human beings that distinguishes them from other forms of
life.
B) the unique and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions shown
by individuals.
C) the unconscious inner forces that generate patterns of behavior in individuals.
D) the behavioral inclinations of individuals resulting from reinforced practice or
experience.
Telecommuting involves
A) restricting the personal use of the Internet and e-mail.
B) using electronic equipment to permit conferences to be held at remote locations.
C) permitting employees to choose what hours they will work.
D) using communications technology to enable work to be performed from remote
locations.
In terms of unethical thinking, the ʺbottom-lineʺ mentality reasons that
A) financial success is the only value to be considered.
B) anything is right if the public can be made to see it as right.
C) good ethics is good business.
D) what is ethical is dependent upon the consequences of the actions.
A company has a competitive advantage over another when
A) newly introduced goods are in high demand.
B) customers perceive its products or services as being superior.
C) its sales revenue is greater.
D) it can produce the products or services at a lower cost.
Organizational behavior focuses on three interrelated levels of analysis:
A) emotions, intentions, and actions.
B) planning, executing, and results.
C) individuals, groups, and organizations.
D) thinking, feeling, and doing.
Which of the following would require a non-programmed decision?
A) A college board voting whether or not to grant tenure to a professor
B) Congress debating whether to raise taxes on the middle class
C) A service academy considers amending its ʺdonʹt ask, donʹt tellʺ policy
D) A new graduate faced with three job offers