The Wagner Act of 1935
a. established the Food and Drug Administration.
b. prohibits employers from interfering with employees trying to organize unions.
c. guaranteed employers the right of refusing to bargain with union representatives.
d. guaranteed the right to work and outlawed union shops.
Answer:
Which of the following represents a utilitarian belief?
a. Rightness is determined by what most people want, i.e., by majority rule.
b. Rightness is determined by what will bring about the most good.
c. We should concern ourselves only with the immediate results of our actions.
d. We must always disregard our own happiness when deciding what to do.
Answer:
According to Holmes Rolston III,
a. naturalistic ethics ought to be abandoned.
b. some natural objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human
interests.
c. all moral rights are derived from the interests of human beings.
d. nature has no value apart from human beings.
Answer:
According to Tom Regan, our considered moral beliefs are those we hold only after we
have made a conscientious effort (a) to attain maximum conceptual clarity, (b) to
acquire all relevant information, (c) to think about the belief and its implications
rationally, (d) impartially, and with the benefit of reflection, (e) coolly.
Answer:
Unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. These two kinds of
boycotts are
a. positive and negative.
b. corporate and private.
c. active and passive.
d. primary and secondary.
Answer:
What philosopher believes the maximin rule is relevant to justice?
a. John Rawls
b. John Stuart Mill
c. Robert Nozick
d. Aristotle
Answer:
The terms “best, finest, and most” are examples of
a. puffery.
b. psychological appeals.
c. truth in advertising.
d. trust building statements.
Answer:
According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,
a. future generations of people have a right to be born.
b. future generations have no moral rights.
c. we have no duties to future generations.
d. the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into
existence.
Answer:
The English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) called conscious and unconscious
biases and stereotypes
a. “plagues of interviewing.”
b. “idols of the mind.”
c. “the best tools.”
d. “mind benders.”
Answer:
In discussing the case of the truck stop cashier who is asked to write up phony chits or
receipts, the text argues that
a. there is nothing wrong with writing up the chits.
b. she should resign immediately.
c. she may be justified in “going along,” at least temporarily.
d. morality never requires us to sacrifice our own interests.
Answer:
Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves
a. the revision and modification of arguments.
b. proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
c. circular reasoning.
d. determining what the majority thinks.
Answer:
Most Americans believe a corporation’s top obligation is to its
a. nation.
b. stockholders.
c. community.
d. employees.
Answer:
Good moral judgments should be logical and
a. justified by fallacies.
b. proven beyond reasonable doubt.
c. based on facts and acceptable moral principles.
d. coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.
Answer:
Egoism as a psychological theory
a. states that self-interest is the only thing that ever motivates anyone.
b. is the same thing as ethical egoism.
c. states that people are sometimes selfish.
d. is based on egoism as an ethical theory.
Answer:
Marxism states
a. capitalism leads to a concentration of property and thus a concentration of resources
and power in relatively few hands.
b. socialism will eventually be replaced by financial capitalism.
c. the means of production should be placed under the control of the bourgeoisie.
d. only workers who are poorly paid in a capitalist system are alienated.
Answer:
Insider trading is
a. the buying or selling of stocks (or other financial securities) by business “insiders” on
the basis of information that has not yet been made public and is likely to affect the
price of the stock.
b. a corporate merger.
c. knowing when to make the best buy.
d. giving great advice on a deal.
Answer:
According to John Rawls, people in “the original position” choose the principles of
justice on the basis of
a. social utility.
b. their religion.
c. self-interest.
d. their intuitive knowledge of the natural rights of all human beings.
Answer:
The proper approach to promote safety is to change the “hidden culture” to
a. pay employees more.
b. be proactively oriented toward safety.
c. hides injuries.
d. refuse to talk openly about safety.
Answer:
Douglas McGregor rejects Theory X, which holds that
a. when explained properly, everyone will favor drug-testing programs.
b. workers essentially dislike work and will do everything they can to avoid it.
c. workers basically like work and view it as something natural and potentially
enjoyable.
d. sexual harassment is a form of discrimination.
Answer:
One of the three important “limits to what the law can do” discussed by Christopher
Stone is
a. laws are passed before there is any real problem to worry about.
b. consumers don’t want further legal regulation.
c. designing effective regulations is difficult.
d. regulators are often “bought off” by corporations.
Answer:
The veil of ignorance assures us that people in the original position will be
a. difficult to come to agreement.
b. impartial.
c. biased.
d. forgiving.
Answer:
Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?
a. Most women want a rigid schedule.
b. Most women want the most challenging job.
c. Most women have chosen the higher paying occupations.
d. Most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations.
Answer:
When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black menall of them
articulate and conventionally dressedto apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and
Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed
a. sexual discrimination against young African-American men.
b. racial discrimination against young African-American men.
c. sexual discrimination against young white men.
d. racial discrimination against young white men.
Answer:
In Nozick’s example of Wilt Chamberlain, he argues that other theories of economic
justice inevitably fail to respect people’s
a. liberty.
b. power of choice.
c. skills.
d. height.
Answer:
Business has considered the environment to be
a. a scarce commodity.
b. free and nearly limitless.
c. a limited supply.
d. costly.
Answer:
Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that
a. we have no obligation to promote general welfare.
b. utilitarianism doesn’t require us to sacrifice as much as we should to help other
people.
c. morality permits each of us a sphere in which to pursue our own plans and goals.
d. people’s so-called “moral rights” are unimportant when determining the right course
of action.
Answer:
Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant’s beliefs?
a. He defended a consequentialist theory of right and wrong.
b. He believed that all duties are prima facie duties.
c. He believed that moral principles rest on empirical data, on observation and
experiment.
d. He believed that reason by itself can reveal the basic principles of morality.
Answer:
Rawls rejects utilitarianism because
a. he saw it as a threat.
b. it might permit an unfair distribution of burdens and benefits.
c. governments wanted it.
d. it values moral purity.
Answer:
The use of one’s official position for what always raises moral concerns and questions?
a. power trips
b. egos
c. stepping stones to success
d. personal gain
Answer:
The Supreme Court gave decision making power for Eminent domain to the
a. feds.
b. states and local communities
c. townships.
d. parents.
Answer:
According to the anthropocentric (or human-oriented) ethic of Baxter and others,
a. environmental preservation is inherently valuable.
b. the Grand Canyon is valuable only because people care about it.
c. we have a strong, almost absolute obligation to preserve species from extinction.
d. future people have no interests that we need to respect now.
e. nature has value in and of itself, apart from human beings.
Answer:
Which of the following historical stages of capitalism came first?
a. financial
b. mercantile
c. industrial
d. state welfare
Answer:
When religion and morality are considered,
a. the moral instructions of the world’s great religions are often general and imprecise.
b. most people act rightly only because their religion tells them to.
c. atheists are likely to be less moral than religious people.
d. in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions.
Answer:
Libertarianism involves a commitment to leaving market relations buying, selling, and
other exchanges totally unrestricted.
Answer:
The general proposition that a firm has a legitimate interest only in employee behavior
that significantly influences work performance applies equally to off-the-job conduct.
Answer:
According to Jeremy Bentham, the question is not whether animals can feel pain, but
whether they can talk and reason.
Answer:
According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the
contrary, every employment is employment at will and either side is free to terminate it
at any time without advance notice or reason.
Answer:
Regulation is always the most effective way to allocate the costs of environmental
protection.
Answer:
The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment and
is therefore illegal.
Answer:
The word “ecology” refers to the science of the interrelationships among organisms and
their environment.
Answer:
According to Mill, to say that I have a right to something is to say that I have a valid
claim on society to protect me in the possession of that thing, either by force of law or
through education and opinion.
Answer:
The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment and
is therefore illegal.
Answer:
Deceptive advertising is always legal because we have freedom of speech.
Answer:
A job description describes the qualifications an employee needs, such as skills,
educational experience, appearance, and physical attributes.
Answer:
OSHA requires safeguards whether or not they are “feasible.”
Answer:
Socialism is an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of
production and distribution, and a planned economy.
Answer:
According to one expert’s definition, whistle blowing is conceptually restricted to
reporting on activities that are harmful to third parties, violations of human rights, or
contrary to the public purpose and legitimate goals of the organization.
Answer:
Ethical relativism is the theory that what is right is determined by what a culture or
society says is right.
Answer:
Some companies view diversity in the workplace as a competitive advantage.
Answer:
Inbreeding refers to longevity on a job or with a firm.
Answer:
According to published statistics, each year in the United States nearly 100,000 workers
are killed on the job.
Answer: