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What is the gas that makes up most of the air that we breathe?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYozone
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnitrogen
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen
e. argonHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Because the earth does not get significant inputs of matter from space, its essentially
fixed supply of nutrients must continually be recycled to support life.
a. True
b. False
Eightyfive percent of what exists near major U. S. population centers and have some
degree of cultural eutrophication?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoastal waters
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrivers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlarge lakes
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYponds
e. streamsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
A deer is both a primary consumer and in the second trophic level.
a. True
b. False
Photosynthesis is performed by ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYheterotrophs
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYautotrophs
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecomposers
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdetritivores
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYherbivores
Tap water in Palm Springs, California, most likely comes from a river that originated in
northwestern Colorado.
a. True
b. False
The rain shadow effect refers to ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmore light on the windward side of mountain
ranges
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmore light on the leeward (facing away from
the wind) side of mountain ranges
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrier conditions on the windward side of
mountain ranges
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrier conditions on the leeward (facing away
from the wind) side of mountain ranges
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreduced sunlight below rain clouds
Habitat loss and fragmentation is not a major threat to amphibians.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYPoint sources of pollution ____.
a. enter ecosystems from dispersed and often hardtoidentify
sourcesHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinclude runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from
farmlands and suburban lawns
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare easier to identify than nonpoint sources
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare more difficult to control than nonpoint
sources
e. are always found in rural areasHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Cruise ships are a significant source of pollution that dump toxic chemicals, garbage,
sewage, and waste oil into the oceans.
a. True
b. False
A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place is a(n)
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecies
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpopulation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommunity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYorganism
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiome
What is an advantage of geothermal power?
a. The cost is relatively low at most sites.
b. There are a great variety of suitable sites.
c. There is a medium net energy yield and high efficiency at accessible sites.
d. There is zero noise and no greenhouse gas emissions.
e. There are government subsidies and tax incentives that make the systems relatively
cheap.
Some organisms live on or inside other organisms and feed on them, and can cause
serious infectious diseases, including malaria. These are known as
____________________.
Predation is the only form that interspecific competition takes.
a. True
b. False
Women who live in rural areas have a lower total fertility rate than those in urban areas.
a. True
b. False
What does the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
specifically address?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoaching of all protected wild species
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdetermining which species become listed as
threatened
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbanning the hunting, capturing, and selling of
threatened or endangered species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYestablishing trade laws for all economically
important wild species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlegally requiring governments to reduce the
global rate of biodiversity loss
What is an example of point source pollution?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoffshore oil wells
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlivestock feedlots
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYurban lands
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcroplands
e. parking lotsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which form of air pollution is most directly linked to increased incidence of asthma and
bronchitis?
a. ozone
b. VOCs
c. radon
d. suspended particulate matter
e. sulfur dioxide
LED bulbs use 85% less energy and last up to 25 times as long as incandescent bulbs.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMost forms of energy can be classified as either
____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical or physical
b. kinetic or mechanical
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpotential or mechanical
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical or kinetic
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpotential or kinetic
Fullcost pricing reduces automobile use by increasing taxes on property in suburbs.
a. True
b. False
An emissions trading policy on the emissions of ____ cut U.S. emissions by
76%.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon oxides
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsulfur dioxide
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYasbestos
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlead
e. carbon dioxideHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
If you live in the United States, you can find out what toxic chemicals are being stored
and released in your neighborhood by ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgoing to the EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory
website
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYvisiting the U.S. Library of Congress
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcalling your local Superfund council
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYobtaining a copy of the National Priorities List
e. asking local manufactures to comply with the Toxic Substances Control
ActHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which of the following would make a greater contribution to rising sea levels?
a. Melting sea ice
b. Melting landbased ice
c. Increased levels of precipitation in some areas
d. Increased levels of atmospheric water vapor
e. Increased levels of global evaporation and transpiration
Some analysts consider the United States to be the world’s most overpopulated country
because ____.
a. it has the highest population density of any country
b. it has the largest population of any country
c. the rate of resource use per person is so high
d. of the annual ratio of immigrants to births
e. the total fertility rate is currently at an alltime high
One reason biodiversity is such an important aspect of sustainability is that it ____.
a. maintains a ready supply of new materials for water, soil, and food
b. is the ultimate source of energy for plants
c. provides vital ecosystem services through the interactions among species and keeps
any population from growing too large
d. makes life less susceptible to constant adaptation and changing environmental
conditions
e. increases ecotourism in less developed countries
What process can lead to desertification?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconservation tillage
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsevere and prolonged drought
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrop rotation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolyculture farming
e. terraced crop arrangementsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
What causes soil salinization?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdesertification
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtoo little irrigation on crops grown in dry
climates
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYusing seawater to water crops
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrepeated irrigation in dry climates
e. continual application of fertilizers that contain salt
compoundsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
What process involves the use of plants to remove contaminants from polluted soil and
water?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYphytoremediation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplasma gasification
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioremediation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincineration
e. compostingHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Polluting substances enter the environment through human activities alone.
a. True
b. False
____________________ is a mixture of gases that is approximately 50–90% methane
(CH4).
The ____________________ zone is the brightly lit upper zone of the open sea, where
drifting phytoplankton carry out about 40% of the world’s photosynthetic activity.
Climate and vegetation vary with changes in latitude and with changes in
____________________.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Areas especially rich in highly endangered species that are found nowhere else can be
described as ____________________.
Discuss how the promising technology of plasma gasification works and why we are
not presenting using this technology.
The ____________________ are those not included in the market price of a resource
because of subsidies and tax breaks.
____________________ are the result of a mutually beneficial relationship between
polyps and tiny singlecelled algae called zooxanthellae that live in the tissues of the
polyps.
The slowest natural cycle on and in Earth is the ____________________ cycle.
Some studies have shown that exposure of human babies to the group of hormonally
active agents called ____________________ may correspond with early puberty in
girls and male infertility.
Primary consumers and producers are two examples of ____________________ levels,
a way to classify living organisms based on their source of nutrients.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The most common reactors, called ____________________ produce 100% of the
United States’ nucleargenerated electricity.
The process of ____________________ reduces the volume of a given amount of waste
by 99%, produces a synthetic gaseous fuel, and encapsulates toxic metals and other
materials in glassy lumps of rock.
Make a list of at least four major water pollutants and their sources.
Clearly explain the distinction between Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Net
Primary Productivity (NPP).
Energy sold in the market place is referred to as ____________________.
____________________ is the amount of various salts such as sodium chloride
dissolved in a given volume of water.
Numerous practices have been developed to reduce ____________________, including
reducing or eliminating tillage, managing irrigation to reduce runoff, and keeping the
soil covered with plants or mulch.
The ____________________ principle recognizes that the environmental and other
problems we face are connected.
The downside of ____________________ ____________________is that, with only
one or two tree species, they are much less biologically diverse and less sustainable
than oldgrowth and secondgrowth forests.
