According to McClelland’s theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal
responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are
strongly motivated.
The goal of a boundaryless organization is to break down cultural barriers.
A dominant culture expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give
the organization its distinct personality.
Graphic rating scales are less time consuming to develop and administer and allow for
quantitative analysis and comparison.
Crossed arms convey a feeling of approachability.
Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and
disability, give rise to surface-level diversity.
Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as
they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in
the later years.
Anchoring bias occurs because our mind appears to give a disproportionate amount of
emphasis to the first information it receives.
According to attribution theory, the more consistent a behavior, the more we are
inclined to attribute it to external causes.
Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance
is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade?
A) The workforce is shrinking, and older workers are compelled to work beyond
retirement.
B) A decline in immigration has opened up more entry-level positions for older
workers.
C) Increasing job opportunities are opening up in the domestic sector, resulting in a
dearth of employees.
D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.
E) A majority of people believe that productivity rises as a person grows older.
Which of the following is a conflict-stimulation technique?
A) expansion of resources
B) compromise
C) bringing in outsiders
D) exercising authoritative command
E) problem solving
MBO provides individual employees with ________.
A) personal performance objectives
B) greater work supervision
C) predefined targets
D) generalized feedback
E) clear-cut growth paths
In equity theory, individuals assess the ________.
A) cost-benefit ratio
B) efficiency-effectiveness trade-off
C) quantity-quality trade-off
D) outcome-input ratio
E) quality of outcome
Participative management is a method of management where ________.
A) representatives of workers form work councils and these councils must be consulted
when management makes decisions about employees
B) few representatives of workers sit on a company’s board of directors
C) subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their
immediate superiors
D) low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their
department
E) low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions
Which of the following is desirable with regard to persuasive communication?
A) increasing the degree of noise in the communication process
B) manipulating information so the receiver will see it more favorably
C) engaging in selective perception
D) processing a lot of information even if it exceeds our capacity
E) matching the type of message with the type of audience
________ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to
taint the facts to support their goals and interests.
A) Legitimate political behavior
B) Politicking
C) Illegitimate political behavior
D) Sabotage
E) Whistle-blowing
Which of the following is most likely to be used for preliminary “rough cuts” to decide
whether an applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job?
A) drug test
B) application form
C) HR interview
D) written test
E) technical interview
________ is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an
opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which
the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.
A) Change
B) Stress
C) Innovation
D) Stimulation
E) Creativity
Effective teams translate their common purpose into ________ goals.
A) universal
B) generic
C) vast
D) specific
E) diverse
What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?
A) It does not adequately describe the original behavior.
B) It places too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes.
C) Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused.
D) It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior.
E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables.
A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________.
A) need substantial interaction with an organization’s customers
B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs
C) have fewer working hours than other jobs
D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs
E) provide more perks and benefits to employees
Before communication can take place, a ________ is required.
A) filter
B) channel
C) receiver
D) purpose
E) decoder
What are the various structural variables that facilitate innovation?
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a virtual organization.
What are the seven key parts of the communication process?
What is intuitive decision making? Explain.
Describe the organizational factors that create stress and discuss how they compare to
the factors of resistance to change. How are they similar and different? Are the methods
for managing change useful for managing stress caused by organizational factors?
What are the seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization’s
culture?
Explain the concept of the boundaryless organization and how boundaryless
organizations are useful in breaking down cultural barriers in a global workplace.