The case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916 changed product liability law. As
a result of it, the courts
a. permitted consumers to sue manufacturers with whom they had no contractual
relationships.
b. adopted the principle of caveat emptor.
c. permitted consumers to sue the retailer from whom they had purchased the product.
d. adopted the principle of strict liability.
Answer:
The first principle of Nozick’s entitlement theory concerns the original acquisition of
a. morals.
b. goods, money, and property.
c. case law.
d. the crown.
Answer:
In union terms, a direct strike occurs
a. when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force the employer to
comply with its demands.
b. when union members and their supporters refuse to buy products from a company
being struck.
c. when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may
not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others.
d. when people refuse to patronize companies that handle products of struck companies.
Answer:
Which of the following is a true statement about the information gained from polygraph
tests?
a. The information the organization seeks does not have to be related to the job.
b. The organization has used the polygraph as the easiest way to gather the information
it wants.
c. Test results should be made public.
d. Not only should the organization have job-related grounds for using the polygraph,
but these must be compelling enough to justify violating the individual’s privacy and
psychic freedom.
Answer:
According to Mill’s utilitarianism,
a. rights are certain moral rules whose observance is of the utmost importance for the
long-run, overall maximization of happiness.
b. there are no rights.
c. the rights possessed by human beings remain unchanged for all times and places.
d. rights are those rules that a majority of the society would agree to behind the “veil of
ignorance.”
Answer:
Experimental studies suggest that when informed that the advice they’re receiving may
be biased because of a conflict of interest,
a. those who disclose a conflict of interest rarely end up giving more biased advice than
those who do not disclose
b. those who disclose a conflict of interest always end up giving more biased advice
than those who do not disclose
c. People tend to fail to discount the advice as much as they should.
d. people tend to discount the advice as much as they should.
Answer:
Out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA?
a. Critics call OSHA a “toothless tiger”.
b. OSHA regulates the shifts people work.
c. OSHA says few accidents are caused by sleep deprivation and fatigue.
d. OSHA states the key to worker safety is improved engineering.
Answer:
Kant believed that we should always act
a. in such a way that we can will the maxim of our action to be a local law.
b. in a way that treats success as an end in itself, never merely as means.
c. in a way that would be universally unacceptable to all rational beings.
d. in a way that we can will the maxim of our action to become a universal law.
Answer:
The profit motive
a. is a fundamental feature of all societies.
b. is no longer a key feature of capitalism.
c. must be checked by competition if society is to benefit.
d. is basically immoral.
Answer:
Which of the following is a true statement about the information gained from polygraph
tests?
a. The information the organization seeks does not have to be related to the job.
b. The organization has used the polygraph as the easiest way to gather the information
it wants.
c. Test results should be made public.
d. Not only should the organization have job-related grounds for using the polygraph,
but these must be compelling enough to justify violating the individual’s privacy and
psychic freedom.
Answer:
Statistically, there is strong evidence that exposure to television advertising is strongly
associated with
a. criminal behavior.
b. obesity in children under twelve.
c. low ethical sensitivity in children under ten.
d. liberal attitudes in children under nine.
Answer:
How did Aristotle view morality?
a. It’s necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings.
b. Moral judgments are true because God commands them of us.
c. Moral judgments are determined differently by each culture.
d. It’s never right to help ourselves when we can help other people instead.
Answer:
Ethical relativism supports the theory that
a. what is morally right is what society says is morally right.
b. there are no moral values whatsoever.
c. morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.
d. different societies have different ideas about right and wrong.
Answer:
One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as
a. assets. b. equals. c. high potentials. d. playthings.
Answer:
One of the key features of capitalism is
a. favoritism.
b. cooperation.
c. inequality.
d. competition.
Answer:
Which statement accurately describes capitalism?
a. Industrial capitalism is characterized by pools, trusts, holding companies and an
interpenetration of banking, insurance and industrial interests.
b. Mercantile capitalism emerged in the United States in the period directly following
the civil war.
c. In state welfare capitalism the government plays an active role in regulating
economic activities in an effort to smooth out the boom-and-bust pattern of the business
cycle.
d. Financial capitalism developed in the period immediately prior to the Renaissance.
Answer:
The goal of advertising is
a. to persuade people to purchase the product.
b. to provide information about goods and services.
c. to provide information about prices.
d. to subsidize the media.
Answer:
Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Men cannot be victims of sexual harassment.
b. The Supreme Court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and
impermissible affirmative action plans.
c. The law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination.
d. Differences in levels and types of education explain why, on the average, men earn
more than women.
Answer:
A “trade secret”
a. is legally equivalent to a patent or copyright.
b. need not be treated confidentially by the company in order to be protected.
c. can become part of an employee’s technical knowledge, experience, and skill.
d. is a narrow, precise concept that the law defines in great detail.
Answer:
What should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?
a. She must decide if she likes the attention.
b. She should try to document it by keeping a record of what has occurred, who was
involved, and when it happened.
c. Keep it to herself and never tell a soul.
d. Go on a talk show and tell her story.
Answer:
According to Galbraith’s “dependence effect,”
a. production depends upon wants.
b. advertising depends on the wants of the consumer.
c. producers use advertising to shape consumer wants.
d. advertising depends on consumerism.
Answer:
Statistically, there is strong evidence that exposure to television advertising is strongly
associated with
a. criminal behavior.
b. obesity in children under twelve.
c. low ethical sensitivity in children under ten.
d. liberal attitudes in children under nine.
Answer:
Which act provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report possible
securities fraud, making it unlawful for companies to “discharge, demote, suspend,
threaten, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against” them?
a. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
b. Foreign Corruption Act
c. Economic Espionage Act
d. U.S. vs. O’Hagan
Answer:
Male managers frequently assume that women
a. will not place family demands above work considerations.
b. possess the necessary drive to succeed in business.
c. take negative feedback professionally rather than personally.
d. are too emotional to be good managers.
Answer:
A whistle-blower
a. doesn’t have to be a past or present member of the organization.
b. doesn’t have to report activity that is illegal, immoral, or harmful.
c. is any employer who spreads gossip.
d. far from being disloyal, may be acting in the best interest of the organization.
Answer:
According to W. D. Ross’s theory
a. a prima facie obligation is absolute and can never be overridden.
b. what we should do in any specific set of circumstances will always be self-evident.
c. it would be wrong to lie to a murderer even to save the life of a friend.
d. we have various moral duties that can’t be reduced to a single, overarching
obligation.
Answer:
Which of the following is true concerning our environment today?
a. the Clean Air Act of 1970 has had no beneficial effects
b. animal waste from factory farms is good for the environment
c. the “greenhouse effect” is basically media hype
d. polluted air is a health risk
Answer:
When an employee’s interests are likely to interfere with the employee’s ability to
exercise proper judgment on behalf of the organization, what exists?
a. a golden opportunity
b. a conflict of interest
c. a balance of power
d. a disaster
Answer:
A basic tenet of capitalism is that
a. property refers only to physical objects.
b. ownership is a simple relationship between a person and the thing owned.
c. capitalism requires private ownership of the major means of production.
d. in the 21st century, capitalism no longer requires capital.
Answer:
In Anarchy, State and Utopia, Robert Nozick advocates
a. Libertarianism.
b. Kantianism.
c. Utilitarianism.
d. Egoism.
Answer:
Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. Who
decides when such behavior is inappropriate?
a. The person to whom the comments are directed.
b. The person accused of harassment.
c. The hypothetical “reasonable person.”
d. The common law as modified by legislation.
Answer:
Which of the following do advocates of the broader view of corporate social
responsibility believe?
a. Corporations should not internalize their externalities.
b. Moral responsibility arises from social power.
c. Corporations have moral obligations to consumers, to employees, to suppliers and
contractors, to the surrounding community, and to society at large.
d. The moral contract between business and society has changed since the 19th century.
Answer:
If your conduct is legal, it will also be moral.
Answer:
Due care is the idea that consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and that the
consumer’s interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer,
who has knowledge and expertise the consumer does not have.
Answer:
Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility.
Answer:
In his essay “Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency,” Kenneth Arrow has
argued that corporations only have a responsibility to maximize shareholder profits.
Answer:
It is morally right for employers to dismiss employees for any reason.
Answer:
The case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ruled that corporations
could spend money to support political candidates.
Answer:
Statistics indicate that the faith consumers place in manufacturers is often misplaced.
Answer:
Tampering with the ecosystem always has injurious effects.
Answer:
Rawls’s theory of distributive justice is a form of utilitarianism.
Answer:
By definition, whistle-blowing can only be done by a past or present member of the
organization.
Answer:
Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. “Hostile work environment” is one
of them.
Answer:
Socialism is an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of
production and distribution, and a planned economy.
Answer:
Cost-benefit analysis is a device used to determine whether it’s worthwhile to incur a
particular cost.
Answer:
In a broad sense morality is the moral code of an individual or of a society (insofar as
the moral codes of the individuals making up that society overlap).
Answer:
The reliability of a test refers to the quality of exhibiting a reasonable consistency in
results obtained.
Answer:
If it’s true that individuals have a natural right to own property, then there can be no
limits on this right.
Answer:
In 1928, U.S. Supreme Court Judge Louis D. Brandeis described the right to privacy, or
“the right to be left alone,” as “the right most valued by men.”
Answer:
In the 1960 case Greenman v. Yuba PowerProducts, injured consumers were awarded
damages based on their proving that the manufacturers of the defective products were
negligent.
Answer:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act weakened legal protections for whistle blowers.
Answer: