HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMolecules of water are attracted to each other by
____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYneutron bonds
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtension bonds
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcovalent bonds
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydrogen bonds
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen bonds
What is an advantage of using passive or active solar systems?
a. There is no need to access the sun for most of the day.
b. The blocking of sunlight by structures has no impact.
c. The net energy yield is medium.
d. The installation and maintenance costs are very low.
e. There is no need for a backup system on cloudy days.
What natural factor removes suspended particulate matter from the troposphere?
a. temperature inversions
b. the grasshopper effect
c. reduced precipitation
d. hills and mountains
e. gravity
Why would an aquifer be considered nonrenewable?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlack of rainfall
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcontamination and overpumping
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlocated in arid regions
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdesertification
e. excessive irrigationHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Pollution cleanup efforts focus on greatly reducing or eliminating the production of
pollutants.
a. True
b. False
You are an evolutionary entomologist. You have observed beetles that can raise their
abdomens and give off a defensive chemical that generally repels predators. You
discover a new species of beetle that raises its abdomen in a threatening way similar to
the first species, but no defensive chemical is given off. You are most likely to
characterize this defensive strategy as a form of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. camouflage
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical warfare
c. mimicry
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYflight mechanism
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarning coloration
Since 1980, a wellorganized and wellfunded movement has mounted a strong campaign
to weaken or repeal existing U.S. environmental laws and regulations and to change the
ways in which public lands are used.
a. True
b. False
The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that wind farms at favorable sites in North
Dakota, Kansas and Texas could meet the electricity needs of ____.
a. the western contiguous United States
b. these four states only
c. the northern plains states during the summers
d. the lower 48 states
e. the entire nation if private air conditioning is reduced
Why is Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) so important?
a. They have about 72% of the world’s proven crude oil reserves and thus are likely to
control most of the world’s conventional oil supplies for many years to come.
b. They consist of three countries with about half of the world’s proven crude oil
reserves.
c. They are the major players in international policy regarding the implementation of
progressive and unconventional resources.
d. They control the largest reserves of unconventional resources, including tar sands and
shale gas.
e. They consume the largest amount of petroleum products in the world thus are likely
to control most of the world’s conventional oil market price for many years to come.
The major factor in the population explosion of the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes
region is ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe zebra mussel’s specialist ecological niche
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbecause it has a hard shell that protects it from
predation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYits ability to latch onto to boats and travel to
new locations
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe illegal importation for restaurant food
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYits rapid reproductive rate and its lack of
natural enemies that might control its population
What proportion of food products sold on U.S. supermarket shelves contains some form
of genetically engineered crop?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYless than 10%
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalmost onehalf
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalmost all food
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYjust a few percent
e. at least 80%HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Only watersoluble toxins can accumulate in body tissues and cells.
a. True
b. False
Overgrazing by cattle can ultimately result in water pollution.
a. True
b. False
What do we call an unhealthy mix of sulfur dioxide, suspended droplets of sulfuric
acid, and a variety of suspended particles in outside air?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYphotochemical smog
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindustrial smog
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsuspended particulate matter
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaerosols
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgreenhouse gasses
Most case reports are highly reliable sources for estimating toxicity.
a. True
b. False
Evolution by natural selection involves a grand plan of nature in which species are to
become more perfectly adapted.
a. True
b. False
Areas on the outskirts of cities where people build shacks from corrugated metal,
plastic sheets, scrap wood, and other scavenged building materials are called
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYurban islands
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtenements
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsuburbs
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYshantytowns
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexurbs
Which of the following best represents the process of photosynthesis?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide + glucose + solar energy →
water + oxygen
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide + water + solar energy →
glucose + oxygen
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen + glucose + solar energy → carbon
dioxide + water
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen + glucose → solar energy + carbon
dioxide + water
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarbon dioxide + water → solar energy +
glucose + oxygen
An example of potential energy is ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYelectricity flowing through a wire
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe chemical energy in a candy bar
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa bullet fired at high velocity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe falling of a leaf from a tree
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe flowing of water
Tectonic plates move extremely slowly atop the asthenosphere.
a. True
b. False
How can irrigation lead to salinization of soils?
a. Water associated with irrigation flows through the soil.
b. Water associated with irrigation contains small amounts of dissolved salts and
evaporation leaves behind increasing concentrations of these salts.
c. Wells for water are drilled too near to the ocean coastlines.
d. Irrigation water is treated with dissolved salts that then lead to oversaturation.
e. Irrigation is primarily accomplished through the use of abundant seawater, which
contains high concentrations of salts.
Compounds in secretions from the skin of certain amphibians have been isolated and
used as painkillers and antibiotics, and in treatments for burns and heart disease.
a. True
b. False
Oldgrowth forests are also known as ____.
a. primary forests
b. secondgrowth forests
c. tree farms
d. succession forests
e. strip forests
For good health and protection against disease, people need a fairly large amount of
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that are often called ____.
a. macronutrients
b. nutrients
c. micronutrients
d. vitamins
e. organics
What is a social movement that is dedicated to trying to sustain the earth’s lifesupport
system for all forms of life?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecology
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental science
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmentalism
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpreservationism
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsustainability
Coyotes typically forage on mice and squirrels. However, as members of the canine
family, Canidae, they also eat berries and parts of plants. As such, coyotes are classified
as ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYherbivores
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarnivores
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYomnivores
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdetritivores
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproducers
A late loss population typically has high survivorship to a certain age, then high
mortality.
a. True
b. False
The importance of children as a part of the labor force, especially in lessdeveloped
countries, ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrives down employment among adults
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis a result of low birth rates
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaffects birth rates because many poor couples
need many children to help with daily tasks
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcontrols immigration rates
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrives up resource use per person
A high infant mortality rate is usually associated with
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa high standard of living
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYundernutrition
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYobesity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYair pollution
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaffluence
Net primary productivity (NPP) is quite low in the open sea, except in upwelling areas,
where currents bring up nutrients from the ocean bottom.
a. True
b. False
Roads do not cause habitat fragmentation.
a. True
b. False
Explain the two basic approaches for dealing with the projected harmful effects of
global warming.
Although coal is an abundant fuel, when burned it produces very high
____________________ ____________________ emissions.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The ____________________ worldview holds that all forms of life have value as
participating members of the biosphere, regardless of their potential or actual use to
humans.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
____________________ are environmental indicators because they live in every
climate and biome, respond quickly to environmental changes in their habitats, and are
fairly easy to track and count.
Epiphytes are plants that live on the branches or trunks of trees in the tropics. The
epiphyte gains access to water and sunlight, but does not hurt or help the tree.
____________________ are materials and energy in nature that are essential or useful
to humans.
Machines, materials, and factories are examples of ____________________ made from
natural resources.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe tendency for a transition zone between two
different ecosystems to have greater species diversity and a higher density of organisms
than are found in either of the individual ecosystems is called the
______________________________.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Municipal solid waste can be burned in large ____________________, which is used to
boil water and make steam for heating water or interior spaces, or for producing
electricity.
On the figure of the earth’s crust, choose the letter that represents the inner core.
The other approach is to recognize that some climate change is unavoidable and to
devise strategies to reduce its harmful effects.
The best method for reducing threats from invasive species is through
____________________ efforts.
The pH of a solution is a measure of ____________________ ions and
____________________ ions in that solution.
About 37% of the electricity used in the United States is produced from the fossil fuel
called ____________________.
How will climate change contribute to water pollution?