Relevant data are facts about things that cannot be changed.
Open-ended response questions are valuable at the beginning of personal interview
sessions.
Quantitative research address research objectives through empirical assessments that
involve numerical measurement and analytical approaches.
One of the major advantages of observation studies is that they record actual behavior
rather than relying on reports of behavior from respondents.
The ideal size of a focus group is 20 to 25 people.
The limitations of the research study should not be discussed in the research report.
One of the best ways to identify the symptoms of a problem is to conduct a literature
review.
Studying cultures using methods that involve becoming highly active within that culture
is called phenomenology.
A simple tabulation of a variable’s frequency distribution is sometimes called a
marginal tabulation.
Question wording and sequence can substantially influence accuracy.
Quantitative research is especially useful when it is difficult to develop specific and
actionable decision statements or research objectives.
A research analyst can effectively serve as a link between management and the research
specialist.
A Type II error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis when, in fact, it is true.
The issue as to whether the respondent in a research study can choose to answer or not
to answer a specific question is a matter of confidentiality.
Qualitative research is subjective in the sense that the results are researcher-dependent.
The general linear model is a way of explaining and predicting a dependent variable
based on fluctuations (variation) from its mean, with the fluctuations due to changes in
independent variables.
A hermeneutic unit refers to a participant in a focus group interview.
A paired-sample t-test is an appropriate test for comparing the scores of two interval
variables drawn from related populations.
Technology has reduced errors by checking for inconsistencies automatically.
A disadvantage to secondary data is that they were not designed specifically to meet the
objectives of the current project.
In its simplest form, a research hypothesis is a “guess” about the outcome of a research
study.
Field editing is done on the same day as the interview to catch legibility of handwriting
and clarify responses that are logically or conceptually inconsistent.
A frequency distribution is a set of data organized by summarizing the number of times
a particular value of a variable occurs.
Discriminant validity is another way of expressing internal consistency.
A common practice in research is to use the 75 percent confidence interval about the
mean in research studies.
Attitude can be measured using a two-point response scale.
When no direction of a relationship is stated in the hypothesis, a one-tailed test is
appropriate.
In multiple regression, the dependent and independent variables must be metric
measures.
Cluster analysis is a type of interdependence method.
In experimental research, independent variables are simply measured.
Observation is a major way information is gathered in ethnography.
The basic types of multivariate techniques are primary methods and secondary
methods.
If the data are time-related, then a base year is usually chosen when calculating an
index number.
Absolutism is a term that reflects the degree to which one rejects moral standards in
favor of the acceptability of some action.
Case studies involve documented history of a particular person, group, organization, or
event.
A researcher desires a graphical representation of central tendencies, percentiles,
variabilities, and the shapes of frequency distributions of the data. Which of the
following will do this for the researcher?
A.interquartile map
B.box and whisker plot
C.perceptual map
D.histogram
A researcher is observing fans at a soccer game and is putting a “1” if the fan is actively
cheering and a “0” if they just seem to be merely watching the game without saying
anything. He is also indicating which team the fan seems to be associated with as well
as approximate age and gender. By recording information such as this with codes, the
researcher is involved in _____.
A.conceptualization
B.operationalization
C.measurement
D.analysis
Which of the following is a form of artificial intelligence in which a computer is
programmed to mimic the way that human brains process information?
A.brain scan
B.neural network
C.schematic network
D.intelligent network
All of the following are important characteristics used to evaluate the value of
information EXCEPT_____.
A.timeliness
B.relevance
C.completeness
D.cost
What are the two goals of theory?
A.speculating and confirming
B.understanding and predicting
C.deducting and inducting
D.abstracting and concretizing
_____ is a straightforward attempt to observe and record what naturally occurs.
A.Visible observation
B.Primary observation
C.Reflective observation
D.Direct observation
Which of the following is present when the person administering experimental
procedures influences the subjects’ behavior or sways them to slant their answers to
cooperate with him or her?
A.experimenter bias
B.response bias
C.Type I error
D.Type II error
All of the following are advantages of quota sampling over probability sampling
EXCEPT ____.
A.lower cost
B.convenience
C.speed of data collection
D.lower error
All of the following are software packages that can be used for data analysis EXCEPT
_____.
A.Excel
B.SPSS
C.Word
D.SAS
Which of the following allows variables, such as answers from previous questions, to
be inserted into unfolding questions on Internet surveys?
A.variable piping software
B.interactive software
C.error trapping software
D.funneling software
Before participating in a research study, John was provided with information regarding
the purpose of the study and was asked to sign a form agreeing to participate in the
study. John has given _____ to participate in the study.
A.implicit consent
B.informed consent
C.ideal consent
D.voluntary consent
Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study’s design and the
correctness of execution?
A.random sampling error
B.systematic sampling error
C.primary sampling error
D.secondary sampling error
Which of the following is a statement explaining the logical linkage among certain
concepts by asserting a universal connection between concepts?
A.hypothesis
B.proposition
C.construct
D.theory
Observation in which the subject is unaware that observation is taking place is called
_____ observation.
A.ethnographic
B.hidden
C.indirect
D.invisible
“In light of the current economic crisis, do you agree or disagree that the President of
the United States is doing a good job of managing the economy?” is an example of what
type of question?
A.counterbalancing
B.order bias
C.double-barreled
D.loaded
Suppose that you used a 9-point rating scale and that you wanted to compare men who
had an annual income over $50,000 (Group 1) with men who had an annual income less
than or equal to $50,000 (Group 2) on their liking of a new product. If you studied 40
men in Group 1 and they have a mean of 7 and a standard deviation of 2.5, while the 35
men in Group 2 have a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1.4, what is the
approximate value of t using the t-test?
A.3.43
B.4.19
C.2.64
D.not enough information to determine
In the statement: “Years of sales experience is an important variable in predicting unit
sales performance,” what type of variable is “years of experience”?
A.dependent variable
B.independent variable
C.categorical variable.
D.classificatory variable
In which experimental design is a single, categorical extraneous variable that might
affect test units’ responses to the treatment identified and the effects isolated by being
blocked out?
A.completely randomized design
B.factorial design
C.randomized-block design
D.interactive block design
A device that controls the amount of time a subject is exposed to a visual image is
called a _____.
A.tachistoscope
B.pupilometer
C.focalscope
D.rotoscope
A researcher wants to show the number of brands of e-readers sold (e.g., Kindle, Nook,
etc.) by year for a three-year period. Which type of chart is best to communicate this
information?
A.pie chart
B.line chart
C.simple bar chart
D.multiple-bar chart
All of the following are examples of an observation study EXCEPT _____.
A.a mystery shopper pretending to be a customer in a McDonald’s outlet
B.a cable laid across the street that records the number of cars that pass a certain
intersection
C.determining how long employees spend taking breaks to smoke cigarettes
D.a consumer responding to a questionnaire about advertising
A research firm has been hired by an attorney to undertake research that will support his
client’s defense in a legal dispute. What type of research is the firm being asked to
conduct?
A.push poll
B.advocacy research
C.confidentiality research
D.deceptive research
When the probability of a Type II error is ______ , the probability of a Type I error is
_____.
A.reduced, increased
B.reduced; reduced
C.increased; increased
D.none of these choices
All of the following are advantages of Internet surveys EXCEPT _____.
A.random sampling
B.speed
C.visual appeal
D.accurate real-time data capture
What type of scale asks a respondent to rate a concept, such as a brand, in comparison
with a benchmark (i.e., a competing brand) explicitly used as a frame of reference?
A.comparative rating scale
B.monadic rating scale
C.semantic differential
D.ladder scale
In a brand awareness study, if 25 of a group of 35 males identify the brand correctly and
15 of a group of 35 females identify this brand correctly, the chi-square value for this
study is approximately _____.
A.3.26
B.4.15
C.5.84
D.2.92
Kyle is conducting a sales forecast by adding up his company’s sales over the past five
years and then dividing that by five (the number of years). The forecasting technique he
is using is called _____.
A.moving average forecasting
B.dynamic forecasting
C.static forecasting
D.indexing
Carly was called by a researcher and asked a few questions about her driving habits.
The researcher then asked her to go to a website to complete a more comprehensive
survey. This type of study that employs a combination of survey methods is called a
_____.
A.two-stage survey
B.multidimensional survey
C.combination survey
D.mixed-mode survey
The values that lie exactly on the boundary of the region of rejection for
hypothesis-testing are called the _____.
A.degrees of freedom
B.critical values
C.significance level
D.confidence interval
The Food and Drug Administration is targeting salt in processed foods as a health
hazard, and some experts believe the agency will require food manufacturers to limit
the amount of salt in processed foods. However, the reduction will occur in phases, with
salt content being reduced in steps so that consumers will be weaned off of salt
gradually. Carefully controlled research studies are underway in which the salt levels
are varied and consumers’ reactions to the taste are measured. This research is an
example of a(n) _____.
A.exploratory study
B.descriptive study
C.experiment
D.diagnostic analysis
“Can you tell me more about what you mean by that?” is an example of a(n)_____.
A.sequence
B.follow-up
C.probe
D.drop-off
Which of the following is a calculation that describes the relationship between retail
demand and supply?
A.index of retail sales
B.index of retail utilization
C.index of retail saturation
D.index of retail sites
A frequency distribution of a sample is called a(n) _____.
A.sample distribution
B.inferred distribution
C.secondary distribution
D.standard distribution
Many retailers mine the databases provided by checkout scanners to identify coinciding
purchases or relationships between products purchased and other retail shopping
information. This type of analysis is referred to as ____.
A.neural networking
B.scandowns
C.database marketing
D.market-basket analysis
Sherrie is interested in average monthly sales for smartphones in the United States. She
found information on the Internet that gives annual sales, so she took the annual sales
and divided it by twelve to get a monthly average. This is an example of _____.
A.data mining
B.data division
C.data conversion
D.data validation
Discuss the steps in interpreting a simple regression output.
A unit that is selected in the first of several stages of sampling is called the ______.
Measures that take on only one of a finite number of values are called _____ measures.
The appropriate test for testing hypotheses about frequencies arranged in a frequency or
contingency table is the _____ test.
A preliminary study of background information that led up to the current situation is
called a(n) ______.
An unstructured, free-flowing discussion with a small group of consumers in a session
that is conducted by a moderator is called a(n) ______.
List the steps a researcher will likely follow when applying the scientific method to
develop and test theories
The purpose of ______ analysis is to summarize information in a large number of
variables into a smaller number of factors.
Name and describe the types of response bias and give examples of each.
Data _____ refers to the notion that the data file actually contains the information that
the researcher promised the decision maker.
When a computer user types in ‘speed boats” in Google, he or she is conducting a(n)
_____.
Compare and contrast correlation, covariance, and causation.
______ predicts several dependent variables by using several independent variables.
A variation of the graphic rating scale is the _____ scale.
A research supplier that specializes in data collection is called a(n) ______.