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Validation of a simulation model occurs when the true steady state average results have
been reached.
Branches connect nodes and show flow from one point to another.
A key element of a decision support system (DSS) is the person using the system.
Management science modeling techniques provide results that are known with certainty.
A feasible solution is ensured by rounding down non-integer solution values.
A goal can be achieved at the expense of another lower-priority goal.
In a game situation, it is assumed that the payoff table is known to all players.
On a preference scale for pairwise comparisons, the number "1" indicates that two
objects are equally preferred.
A traffic system could be represented as a network in order to determine bottlenecks
using the maximal flow network algorithm.
A succession of events that does not affect other events is independent.
In a transportation problem, items are allocated from sources to destinations at a
minimum cost.
In the graphical approach, simultaneous equations may be used to solve for the optimal
solution point.
Qualitative methods use management judgment, expertise, and opinion to make
forecasts.
In a minimal spanning tree, the source and destination nodes must be connected along a
single path.
In a mixed strategy game, players switch decision in response to the other player.
The slope of a curve at any point is equal to the derivative of the curves function.
When using a linear programming model to solve the diet problem, the objective is
generally to maximize profit.
A cycle is an up-or-down movement in demand that repeats itself in less than 1 year.
Data cannot exhibit both trend and cyclical patterns.
If we are solving a 0-1 integer programming problem, the constraint x1 = x2 is a
conditional constraint.
Linear programming is a model consisting of linear relationships representing a firm's
decisions given an objective and resource constraints.
In the method of Lagrange multipliers, constraints as multiples of a multiplier are
subtracted from the objective function, which is then differentiated with respect to each
variable and solved.
The calling population is the source of customers.
In a continuous inventory system, a constant amount is ordered when inventory declines
to a predetermined level.
A basic feasible solution satisfies the model constraints and has the same number of
variables with negative values as there are constraints.
Rounding non-integer solution values up to the nearest integer value can result in an
infeasible solution to an integer programming problem.
A linear programming model solution with integer restrictions is called a relaxed
solution.
If average forecast error is positive, it indicates that the forecast is biased high.
A car wash with two attendants who work together as a team would be an example of a
multiple-server system.
The Lagrange multiplier at the optimum gives only the instantaneous rate of change in
the objective value.
The term ________ refers to testing how a problem solution reacts to changes in one or
more of the model parameters.
A) graphical solution
B) decision analysis
C) sensitivity analysis
D) break-even analysis
The Hurwicz criterion multiplies the:
A) best payoff by the coefficient of optimism.
B) worst payoff by the coefficient of optimism.
C) best payoff by the worst payoff.
D) none of the above
The manager of the Quick Stop Corner convenience store (which is open 360 days per
year) sells four cases of Stein soda each day (1440 cases per year). Order costs are
$8.00 per order. The lead time for an order is three days. Annual holding costs are equal
to $57.60 per case.If the manager orders 16 cases each time she places an order, how
many orders would she place in a year?
A) 22.5
B) 50
C) 72
D) 90
The derivative of a function ________ the slope of the curve defined by that function.
A) is larger than
B) equals
C) is smaller than
D) is similar to
Kushie's Coffee in Bangalore is a quaint establishment nestled near MG Road in the
central business district. It serves coffee and fruit cake to a clientele that has been
enjoying these products for over fifty years. The demand for coffee beans is 6600 cases
per year (each case has 24 ten-pound bags). It would be disastrous for them to run out
of coffee, so they keep a safety stock of 30 cases. The cases cost $4800 and it costs $5
per case to order coffee. As coffee is a perishable product, the holding cost is fairly high
at $40/case/year. The lead time to receive an order is seven days. Kushie's is open 300
days a year.
How many orders per year do they place if they order at double their EOQ quantity?
A) 40.6
B) 81.2
C) 162.5
D) 325
In synthesization, dividing each value in each column of the pairwise comparison
matrix by the corresponding column sum, we obtain the ________ matrix.
A) pairwise
B) normalized
C) preference
D) criteria
The activities that must be completed prior to the start of an activity in question are
called the immediate ________ of the activity in question.
A) successors
B) predecessors
C) successors and predecessors
D) followers
The Wiethoff Company has a contract to produce 10,000 garden hoses for a customer.
Wiethoff has four different machines that can produce this kind of hose. Because these
machines are from different manufacturers and use differing technologies, their
specifications are not the same and not all four machines have to be used to produce all
of the garden hoses.
Write a constraint to ensure that if machine 4 is used, machine 1 will not be used.
A) y1 + y4 ≤ 0
B) y1 + y4 ≥ 1
C) y1 + y4 ≤ 1
D) y1 - y4 ≤ 1
E) y1 - y4 ≤ 0
After plowing through contracts for a decade, the contract writer knew about how long
it took to crank out the material necessary to satisfy a contract's requirements. The
distribution could be modeled using the data provided in this table.
Using the random number table 14.3 in your text, column 1, reading across row 1, what
is the standard deviation of the average length of the next five contracts?
A) 1
B) 0
C) 1.414
D) 5
Under the normal curve, the area between z = 2 and z = -2 includes ________ of the
values.
A) 98%
B) 96%
C) 95%
D) 93%
Which one of the following techniques is not a mathematical programming technique?
A) linear programming models
B) transportation models
C) analytical hierarchy process
D) integer linear programming technique
The interval labeled "E" in the diagram is:
A) production cycle.
B) production run length.
C) shipping lead time.
D) inventory fill rate.
What is the 95% confidence interval width for a sample with a mean of 50 and a
standard deviation of 14 based on 75 observations?
A) (44.13, 55.87)
B) (46.83, 53.17)
C) (40.67, 59.32)
D) (48.22, 51.78)
Zevon Enterprises
Zevon Enterprises provides services for clients worldwide and to protect all parties to
this course as well as Zevon, we shall refer to those services as X1, X2, and X3. Each of
these services has its own special mix of needs for the resources the company has at its
disposal. The X1 product requires three lawyers, seven guns, and $6,000; the X2
product requires two lawyers, five guns, and $4,000; and the X3 product requires four
lawyers, six guns, and $7,000. Zevon has access to 5,000 lawyers, 10,000 guns, and
$15,000,000. For ease of conversation, Zevon employees usually speak about dollars as
"per thousand" so one of them asking for $7 means that they really need $7,000.
Zevon's demand is variable depending on what they charge for it. For example, the X1
product's demand is 200 - 2.25p1. The demand for X2 is 300 - 3p2, and the demand for
X3 is 400 - 3.5p3. The per unit profit forX1 through X3 can be calculated by subtracting
the per unit cost from the sales price, so for X1, the profit is p1 - 25, for X2 the profit is
p2- 3, and for X3 the profit is p3- 3.5.
The model is entered in Excel and executes to reveal that p2 equals $51.50. Which of
these conclusions is correct?
A) The contribution to net profit from service X2 is $7,056.75.
B) The per unit profit for service X2 is $51.50.
C) There is excess demand for service X1.
D) The demand for X2 is 194.
In Bayesian analysis, additional information is used to alter the ________ probability of
the occurrence of an event.
A) marginal
B) conditional
C) binomial
D) revised
In the simplex procedure, if all cj- zj ≤ 0 and one or more of the basic variables are
artificial, this indicates that:
A) the solution is infeasible.
B) the solution is unbounded.
C) there are multiple optimal solutions.
D) the formulation is incorrect.
________ use management judgment, expertise, and opinion to make forecasts.
A) Qualitative methods
B) Regression
C) Time series
D) Quantitative methods
Consider the following maximization problem.
MAX z = x + 2y
s.t.
2x + 3y ≤ 6
5x + 6y ≤ 30
y ≥ 1
The optimal solution:
A) occurs where x = 4.67 and y = 1.11.
B) occurs where x = 0 and y = 2.
C) occurs where x = 6 and y = 0.
D) results in an objective function value of 12.
The weight of a jar of jelly is normally distributed with a mean of 16 oz and a standard
deviation of 0.02 oz. What is the probability that a jar of jelly contains more than 16.03
oz?
A) .0668
B) .1587
C) .4332
D) .9332
________ techniques assume that no uncertainty exists in model parameters.
A) Probability
B) Probabilistic
C) Deterministic
D) Distribution
In a pairwise comparison matrix the diagonal values will ________ equal ________.
A) sometimes, 1
B) always, 0
C) sometimes, 0
D) always, 1
A ________ probability is the probability that an event will occur given that another
event has already occurred.
A) posterior
B) conditional
C) marginal
D) low
Kushie's Coffee in Bangalore is a quaint establishment nestled near MG Road in the
central business district. It serves coffee and fruit cake to a clientele that has been
enjoying these products for over fifty years. The demand for coffee beans is 6600 cases
per year (each case has 24 ten-pound bags). It would be disastrous for them to run out
of coffee, so they keep a safety stock of 30 cases. The cases cost $4800 and it costs $5
per case to order coffee. As coffee is a perishable product, the holding cost is fairly high
at $40/case/year. The lead time to receive an order is seven days. Kushie's is open 300
days a year.
What is their reorder point if they order at twice their EOQ?
A) 46 cases
B) 92 cases
C) 184 cases
D) 368 cases
Armed only with his fingers, the owner decides that the safest forecasting approach is a
linear trend line. Generate a forecast for the year using this technique and then calculate
forecast errors using MAPD. What is the mean absolute deviation for this forecasting
approach?
A) 3.33%
B) 2.17%
C) 2.82%
D) 4.29%
A retired operations management professor moves to New Orleans, joins the Krewe of
Orpheus and convinces krewe leadership to buy their own swizzle stick production
equipment. They invest in a medium-scale machine called the Swizzo 2025, which is
capable of producing swizzle sticks at the rate of 1800 per day. How many production
runs per year will the Swizzo 2025 be producing if they produce the optimal batch size?
A) 8
B) 2
C) 6
D) 9
Zevon Enterprises
Zevon Enterprises provides services for clients worldwide and to protect all parties to
this course as well as Zevon, we shall refer to those services as X1, X2, and X3. Each of
these services has its own special mix of needs for the resources the company has at its
disposal. The X1 product requires three lawyers, seven guns, and $6,000; the X2
product requires two lawyers, five guns, and $4,000; and the X3 product requires four
lawyers, six guns, and $7,000. Zevon has access to 5,000 lawyers, 10,000 guns, and
$15,000,000. For ease of conversation, Zevon employees usually speak about dollars as
"per thousand" so one of them asking for $7 means that they really need $7,000.
Zevon's demand is variable depending on what they charge for it. For example, the X1
product's demand is 200 - 2.25p1. The demand for X2 is 300 - 3p2, and the demand for
X3 is 400 - 3.5p3. The per unit profit forX1 through X3 can be calculated by subtracting
the per unit cost from the sales price, so for X1, the profit is p1 - 25, for X2 the profit is
p2- 3, and for X3 the profit is p3- 3.5.
Which of these is the lawyer constraint for this scenario?
A) 7X1 + 5X2 + 6X3≤ 10,000
B) 3X1 + 2X2 + 4X3≤ 5,000
C) 6X1 + 4X2 + 7X3≤ 15,000
D) X1 = 200 - 2.25p1
Assume that it takes a college student an average of 5 minutes to find a parking spot in
the main parking lot. Assume also that this time is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of 2 minutes. What time is exceeded by approximately 75% of the college
students when trying to find a parking spot in the main parking lot?
A) 3.65 minutes
B) 5.75 minutes
C) 6.36 minutes
D) 9.21 minutes
The manager of the Quick Stop Corner convenience store (which is open 360 days per
year) sells four cases of Stein soda each day (1440 cases per year). Order costs are
$8.00 per order. The lead time for an order is three days. Annual holding costs are equal
to $57.60 per case.If average demand for an inventory item is 200 units per day, lead
time is 3 days, and safety stock is 100 units, what is the reorder point?
A) 500
B) 600
C) 700
D) 800
In exponential smoothing, the closer alpha is to ________, the greater the reaction to
the most recent demand.
A) -1
B) 0
C) 1
D) -1 or 1
The gentleman farmer kept chickens for the eggs, the splash of color in the yard, and
because he found their gentle clucking to relax him as he worked on his laptop on his
deck. Their movements around his yard gave meaning to the term random walk you
literally could not predict their location from one minute to the next. His collection of
birds is neatly summarized in this table.
The farmer just spotted all of his Barred Rocks clustered together in the chicken run.
Behind him, he hears a chicken creeping up on him, ready to pounce. What is the
likelihood it is a Rhode Island Red rooster?
A) 0.083
B) 0.100
C) 0.066
D) 0.166
A form of the transportation problem in which all supply and demand values equal 1 is
the ________ problem.
The ________ values are computed by multiplying the cjcolumn values by the variable
column values and summing.
Comedy Pasture II
A horse and two llamas are discussing the key areas of their domain on a lazy summer
afternoon. The llamas favor the pond and shade and like to browse the fruit trees and
oaks on the property, making their way to the barn only when their owner favors them
with some oats. The horse prefers to graze the grass and hay for food and drink from the
pond but will race up to the barn when the owner is handing out oats up there. Between
the three of them, they have stepped off the distances between many of these key points
several times and believe that they have developed an accurate map, shown below. This
map shows the number of loads that can be hauled between all connected points on the
property. As incredible as it may seem, neither the horse nor the llamas have had any
training in management science, which is where you come in.
The horse spoke up first, "I'm twice your size and can work twice as hard. It doesn't
matter how much needs to be hauled from the grassy area in the comedy pasture down
to the pond, I can do it easily in a day." Of course, the horse would use only routes
connected by his nodes of interest, Grass, Barn, Oak, Hay and Pond. Use the capacities
indicated on each of the branches to determine the maximal flow down to the pond.
By how much will the second marketing restriction be exceeded?
Ashley's manufactures home furnishings for department stores. Planning is underway
for the production of the following items during the next production period:
Quilts (x1) Blinds (x2) Pillows (x3)Fabric required (yards) (d1) 7 4 9
Time required (hours) (d2) 1.5 2 0.5
Packaging material (ounces) (d3) 3 2 1
Profit (d4) 12 10 8
Ashley has 3000 yards of material in stock for this production period. Five hundred
hours of production time are scheduled and 400 ounces of packaging material is
available. Each of these quantities can be adjusted through overtime or extra purchases.
Ashley's highest priority is to achieve a profit of $3200. Her second priority is to avoid
additional purchases of packaging material. Third, she wants to use all of the scheduled
production hours, and fourth, minimize any fabric remaining from the 3000 yards. Note
that the deviational variables associated with each item are given in the table.What is
the objective function?
Min P1d4
Yowzah Bids
Yowzah receives bids from four companies we'll call A, B, C, and D to supply product
for the coming year. Renee DeCartes, the Yowzah VP of Plotting takes the bids and
creates this graph to bring to the next executive meeting.
Which of the companies has the greatest variable cost?
A manager has developed a payoff table that indicates the profits associated with a set
of alternatives under two possible states of nature.
Alt S1 S2
1 10 2
2 -2 8
3 8 5
Use the expected value criterion to select the best alternative. Assume that the
probability of S2 is equal to 0.4.
________ is a technique for selecting numbers randomly from a probability
distribution.
If the ten numbers generated are 87, 84, 99, 18, 81, 75, 32, 87, 46, and 35, what is the
resultant expected average completion time?
In a bank drive-through, there is a single service window and room only for two cars to
line-up to wait for service. The mean time between arrivals for drive through customers
is 5 minutes. The mean time to complete a customer transaction is 3 minutes. The
number of arrivals is distributed according to a Poisson distribution and the service
times are exponentially distributed.
On average, how many customers are waiting to be served?
A transition matrix is ________ when it moves back and forth between states.
Given an EOQ model with shortages in which annual demand is 4200 units, Co = $160,
Cc = $7 per unit per year and CS = $25, what is the annual ordering cost?
If the CI/RI ratio is more than ________, then there are probably serious
inconsistencies in the AHP results.
If the primal problem has three constraints, then the corresponding dual problem will
have three ________.
A(n) ________ maximization linear programming problem has an artificial variable in
the final simplex tableau where all cj - zj values are less than or equal to zero.
Mondo's Runway Show
Mondo Guerra is matching his models with his latest collection for Fashion Week. He
has five models, ranging from 5'10" to 5'10.5" and size 0 to size 1. His five latest
designs run the gamut from prt--porter to an evening gown and he'd like to make sure
each outfit looks as good as possible by having it worn on the runway by the right
model. After an anxious month of sewing, he has each model try on each outfit and he
assigns a fabulosity score to each combination as indicated in the table.
Mondo has never heard of linear programming and you don't have your laptop handy.
Provide him with a "best case" total fabulosity number
