HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAll of the water on or near the earth’s surface
(solid, liquid, and gas phases) comprises the ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYatmosphere
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgeosphere
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiosphere
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtroposphere
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydrosphere
In areas of low infant mortality rates, women tend to have fewer children because fewer
of their children die at an early age.
a. True
b. False
What is formed when extreme sudden subsidence occurs within a depleted aquifer?
a. sinkholes
b. freshwater scarcity stress
c. virtual water
d. lowered water table
e. an impermeable layer that prevents recharge
Which factor is a major contributor to the degradation of natural capital associated with
the pricing of consumable goods?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. Consumable goods are priced in such a way that they do not reflect the
environmental damage caused by their
production.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConsumable goods are priced in such a way as
to allow even those in poverty in developing nations to acquire them.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConsumable goods are priced in such a way as
to offset harmful environmental and health costs.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConsumers are typically aware of the kinds of
environmental damage resulting from the production of the item.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConsumers in some local cultures purchase
items that are expensive because of the social status it brings.
The shrinkage of the Aral Sea has altered the local climate of the surrounding area.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBacteria and fungi are typically categorized as
____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYautotrophs
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproducers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprimary consumers
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtertiary consumers
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecomposers
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA biologist is most likely to say that the honeybee
is ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYendangered
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmigrating away because of climate change
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgoing extinct
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexperiencing colony collapse disorder
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthreatened
What is the scientific process of using statistical methods to estimate how much harm a
particular hazard can cause to human health or the environment?
a. probability
b. risk assessment
c. lifecycle costpricing
d. mitigation
e. prevention
Pronghorn antelope live in the high desert of the Great Basin in the western U.S. Which
of the following items are possible abiotic factors that an antelope has to contend with?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe density of the local population of coyotes
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasites such as ticks
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcompetition with wild horses for sparse
vegetation for forage
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoisonous or thorny plants
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYextreme maximum and minimum temperatures
in the desert
Southern sea otters were hunted to extinction in the early 1900s.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhat do we call the probability of suffering harm
from a hazard?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisease
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomic loss
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeath
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinjury
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrisk
Which type of fires usually burn only undergrowth and leaf litter on the forest floor?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecotone fires
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtransition fires
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcanopy fires
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrown fires
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsurface fires
Sustainable management and harvesting of forests are certified by the
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYU.S. Forest Service
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCalifornia Conservation Core
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYForest Stewardship Council
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYConvention on International Trade of
Endangered Species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYEndangered Species Act
Removing all the trees from an area is called a
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYselectivecut
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclearcut
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsecondcut
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstripcut
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpurgecut
The process by which cells are able to convert glucose into useable energy using
oxygen is known as aerobic transpiration.
a. True
b. False
The root cause of food insecurity is poverty.
a. True
b. False
Strips of vegetation along stream or rivers are called ____.
a. rangelands
b. transition forests
c. secondgrowth boundaries
d. lianas
e. riparian zones
It is possible to contribute to health problems for people in China, India, or Africa when
discarding a cell phone or other electronic device in the United States
a. True
b. False
A major reason to preserve wild species is ro provide game hunting and fishing
opportunities.
a. True
b. False
What value do the oceans have in moderating climate change?
a. Oceans remove about 25% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by humans.
b. Oceans reflect sunlight back into space before the ultraviolet wavelengths are
converted into infrared radiation.
c. Oceans absorb about 40% of the methane out of the atmosphere that has been
produced by rice paddies and livestock.
d. Oceans help to reduce the level of water vapor in the atmosphere through
condensation and transpiration.
e. Oceans serve as a layer of insulation between the atmosphere and magma deep with
the earth.
Stewardship is based on an idea that nature exists for all species alike and our success
depends on how well we manage the earth and nature.
a. True
b. False
Many economists propose finding ways to include the harmful environmental and
health costs of producing and using goods and services in their market prices. What is
this practice called?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiodiversifying
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhidden appraisals
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubsidizing
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfullcost pricing
e. external valuationsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Solid waste contributes to pollution and includes valuable resources that could be
reused or recycled.
a. True
b. False
Photochemical smog is characteristic of urban areas with many vehicles and a climate
that is ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcool, wet, and cloudy
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcool, dry, and sunny
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarm, dry, and sunny
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarm, wet, and cloudy
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwarm, wet, and sunny
Excessive irrigation is only a problem in rainy areas that are prone to flooding.
a. True
b. False
Animals in desert biomes may eat plants for their water content as a survival adaptation.
Plants, in turn, may have ____ as a defense against being eaten by
animals.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoisonous leaves
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcamouflaged leaves
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa lack of leaves
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspines
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYboth camouflaged leaves and spines
A certain lake in the arid west contains an endangered species of fish. The legal status
of this fish required water diversions out of the river feeding the lake to be decreased
substantially. About 10 years following this decree, the declining cottonwood forest and
canopy along the riverbanks was noted to be recovering. This situation illustrates the
potential effectiveness of ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe species approach to sustaining biodiversity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe ecosystem approach to sustaining
biodiversity
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcottonwood trees as part of all stream recovery
programs
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwater as a solution to species decline
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfish as indicator species
Extinction can be the result of habitat fragmentation.
a. True
b. False
Perpetual storage should be the last resort for dealing with hazardous wastes.
a. True
b. False
What action involves returning a degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as
similar as possible to its natural state in cases where this is feasible?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrehabilitation
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreintroduction
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreplacement
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYartificial construction
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrestoration
What industry produces more toxic emissions than any other in the U.S.?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtechnology
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmanufacturing
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenergy
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmining
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYautomobile
Captive breeding programs in zoos ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeliminate the need to preserve critical habitats
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcan be used for most species except mammals
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincrease the genetic variability of species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrequire the captive population to number
between 100 and 500
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare largely unsuccessful
The idea that all elements are made up of molecules is called the atomic theory.
a. True
b. False
Carbon dioxide and methane are _________________________ released by human
activities such as the production and burning of fossil fuels, clearing of forests, and
growing of crops.
Houses in Sweden that have ____________________ use approximately 90% less
energy for heating and cooling compared to the typical American home.
State briefly the known threats to kelp forests.
According to the accompanying figure, how much did the average surface temperature
of the earth change from 1950 to 2004?
Why doesn’t “survival of the fittest” mean “survival of the strongest”?
____________________ makes up 78% of the volume of the atmosphere.
Discuss the potential harmful effects of the continued horizontal drilling and hydraulic
fracturing of natural gas in the United States.
Increased seawater acidity threatens certain photosynthetic plankton.
Of all the fossil fuels, reducing our consumption of ____________________ would
best help with slowing climate change.
The process of using statistical methods to estimate potential harm from a particular
hazard is called ____________________.
Explain the role that life (excluding the impacts of human activities) plays in the carbon
cycle.
Life as we know it could not exist without the protective layer of
____________________ in the stratosphere.
Some affluent people in moredeveloped countries are adopting a lifestyle of
____________________, which involves learning to live with fewer possessions.
In the accompanying figure, how many more women between 20 and 24 years of age
would survive if AIDS were eradicated?
____________________ is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background
level.
Briefly discuss the baby boomers and their effect on our population profile.
Your housecat kills the mice in your yard and around your house.