HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYRecently, the United States Geological Survey
reduced its nationwide estimate of recoverable ____ from shale rock by 50%.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrude oil
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoil shale
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtar oil
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural gas
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYliquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
According to the ____, when we use the earth’s natural capital, we are borrowing from
the earth and from future generations.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplanetary management worldview
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomic worldview
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental worldview
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstewardship worldview
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental ethics worldview
A major reason for addressing increasing rates of extinctions is the issue of reduced
speciation.
a. True
b. False
One way to help sustain terrestrial biodiversity would be to map the world’s terrestrial
ecosystems and create an inventory of the species contained in each of them, along with
the ecosystem services they provide.
a. True
b. False
Which population is least vulnerable to air pollution?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinfants
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYelderly people
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadult males
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpeople with heart and respiratory disease
e. pregnant womenHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
According to your textbook, one of the biggest problems for U.S. national and state
parks today is ____.
a. popularity
b. nearby human activities
c. forest clearing
d. poaching
e. soil erosion
EPA studies have found that 70% of all U.S. hazardous waste ____ have no liners and
could threaten groundwater supplies.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsanitary landfills
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeepwell disposal sites
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYopen pit landfills
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstorage ponds
e. storage tanksHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
What is to the best approach to preserving genetic information for endangered plant
species?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnational laws
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprotected areas
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwildlife refuges
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYarboretums
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYseed banks
Cultural eutrophication involves ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclearing forest land for urban expansion
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaltering marine food webs by overfishing
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYaccepting the degraded condition of aquatic
ecosystems
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplacing excessive nutrients in lakes
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisconnecting people from their environment
The Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern Oceans are actually a single and
continuous body of saltwater.
a. True
b. False
What is the best method to maintain soil fertility via topsoil conservation?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYemphasizing agricultural practices that enhance
monocultures
b. rotating crops annuallyHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkeeping the soil covered by vegetation
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpreventing insect pests from destroying
valuable crops
e. converting croplands into pasturelands or
feedlotsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Once scientists have analyzed data from an experiment, they may propose a testable
hypothesis to explain those data.
a. True
b. False
A scientific hypothesis must be testable.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYSustainable yield is the highest rate at which we
can use a(n) ____ indefinitely without reducing its available supply.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrenewable resource
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfossil fuel
c. solar HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenergy
d. mineral resourceHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnonrenewable resource
Many analysts think that the tax systems in most countries are somewhat backward
because they discourage jobs, income, and profitdriven innovation.
a. True
b. False
The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from innermost to outermost is the
____.
a. mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, and troposphere
b. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere
c. stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere, and mesosphere
d. thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and troposphere
e. thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere
What kind of waste is hospital medical waste?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYewaste
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiogenic waste
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsolid waste
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtoxic waste
e. industrial wasteHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
In addition to overuse of antibiotics for colds and flu, what else has caused bacterial
resistance to antibiotics?
a. The demolition of forest lands
b. The draining of marshes
c. The use of pesticides to control malariainfected mosquitoes
d. The use of drugs to kill parasites in the bloodstream
e. The use of antibiotics to control disease and promote growth in animals raised for
meat
Net primary productivity (NPP) is the rate at which producers use photosynthesis to
produce and store chemical energy minus ____.
a. the rate at which they use some of this stored chemical energy through aerobic
respiration
b. the amount of chemical energy they already have stored
c. the rate at which the producers are consumed
d. the average rate of photosynthesis in cloudy conditions
e. the average rate of photosynthesis among similar organisms
Government subsidies to fishing fleets ____ overfishing and reduction of aquatic
biodiversity.
a. prevent
b. mitigate
c. promote
d. reduce
e. completely stop
The transport of woodrat dropping to other areas could be described as
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYremote sensing
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlaboratory research
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa controlled experiment
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbehavioral science
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchemical analysis
Various plant species provide value as food crops, fuelwood, lumber, and paper from
trees, and useful scientific knowledge. What term best describes this type of value?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural benefits
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecotourist value
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecologic provisions
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomic services
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbioprospecting
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe coal and electric utility industries have
financed a highly effective publicity campaign touting the benefits of ____; however,
this campaign is misleading because there will always be some associated
environmental damage.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclean burning natural gas
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclean coal
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnuclear energy
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrenewable energy
e. green technologyHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA species that can live in many different places
and eat a variety of foods could be described as ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYendemic
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexotic
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa specialist species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa generalist species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa native species
Acid mine drainage involves ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe combination of water and acidic
compounds used to process ores
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacid that drains out of gold mines
c. rainwater from a mine carrying sulfuric acid to nearby streams and groundwater
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYacid waste left over from the mining process
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYidentical processes to those of acid rain
Ecological economists tend to view human economic systems as subsystems of the
biosphere.
a. True
b. False
It can be said that coastal habitats are actually
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYincreasing in area
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisappearing at rates 2 to 10 times faster than
tropical forests
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmaintaining a solid level of biodiversity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisappearing as fast as tropical forests
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdeclining in many areas but rebounding in
others
In addition to natural drought cycles, what could cause as much as 45% of Earth’s land
surface to experience extreme droughts?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlack of rainfall
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinsufficient water for some urban areas
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclimate change
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpollution of rivers, lakes, and groundwater
e. freshwater scarcity stressHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlegumes
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbacteria
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalgae
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprotozoa
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYround worms
What is the process by which individuals and groups try to influence the decisions and
policies of governments?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYeconomics
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresource management
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolitics
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYethics
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpolicy adjustment
What is a disadvantages of producing energy by burning solid biomass?
a. The availability of biomass is relatively low.
b. There are high costs associated with growing suitable plants.
c. The net energy yield is low.
d. There is a high CO2 emission problem.
e. The clearcutting of trees and plants can lead to soil erosion, water pollution, and loss
of habitat.
The El NioSouthern Oscillation is an interaction between the oceans and the
atmosphere that affects the temperature of surface waters in the Atlantic Ocean.
a. True
b. False
Land erosion can cause a major source water pollution through sediments that disrupt
biotic activity.
a. True
b. False
In the accompanying figure, in what age range are females more likely to die from
AIDS than males?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYExplain why the BormannLikens scientific
investigation of clearcutting forest watersheds is considered reliable science.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Mahatma Gandhi’s ____________________ states: “The earth provides enough to
satisfy every person’s need but not every person’s greed. . . . When we take more than
we need, we are simply taking from each other, borrowing from the future, or
destroying the environment and other species.”
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCaribbean snails of the same population exhibit a
variety of shell colors and banding patterns.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Outline three things that you can do to shift toward more sustainable energy use.
Describe three limitations of science in general (as well as environmental science).
Why do scientists not talk about “proof” when discussing scientific research?
The three scientific principles of sustainability are chemical cycling, dependence on
solar energy, and ____________________.
List an example of each of the following terms: element, compound, ion, organic
compound, simple carbohydrate.
Human populations grow or decline in particular countries, cities, or other areas
through the interplay of three factors: births, ____________________, and migration.
Which one of the three major principles of sustainability is a driving force behind
climate and biodiversity? Include in your answer an explanation of why this is true.
Matter that is near the earth’s surface, that is highly concentrated, and that has great
potential for use as a resource, is referred to as ____________________.
In the accompanying figure of an ecosystem, which components can be categorized as
abiotic?
Describe one possible action that could help restore fish populations harmed by
overfishing.
Bacteria in soil convert ammonia and ammonium ions to ___________________.
Why is a vegetarian diet more efficient than a meatbased diet?