Strip cutting of timber is a method of harvesting that ____.
a. harvests trees singly
b. involves clearing trees along a contour of the land within a narrow corridor
c. removes all trees from a very large area, with no attention to land contours
d. is particularly damaging to the forest
e. is promoted by logging companies because of the high profit margin
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe coyotes would be classified as ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYproducers
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprimary consumers
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsecondary consumers
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdecomposers
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtertiary consumers
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHumans have which of the following major
impacts on mountain biomes?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplowing and conversion to cropland
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdepletion of groundwater
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYovergrazing by livestock
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhydroelectric dams and reservoirs
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconversion of diverse forests to tree plantations
Scientific studies show that in fully protected marine reserves, on average,
commercially valuable fish populations double and fish increase in size.
a. True
b. False
Most of the earth’s species of flowering plants depend on insects to pollinate their
flowers.
a. True
b. False
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYBisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogen mimic used in
the production of ____ products.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpharmaceutical
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtextile
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfood
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmetals
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplastic
What is a major problem with carbon capture and storage strategies?
a. They are extremely expensive.
b. They create other kinds of pollution.
c. They require large amounts of water.
d. They decrease the efficiency of automobiles.
e. Huge amounts of biochar are required.
In an ecocity, plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty. Typically, the plants are
____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalways fastgrowing, broadleaf plants
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadapted to local climate and soils
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadapted so they do not use much water
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresistant to pests
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalways endemic plants
The rate of population growth has slowed since 1960, but the world’s population is still
growing.
a. True
b. False
When populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes
in the gene pool of populations of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of
the other— a process called commensalism.
a. True
b. False
When two species compete with one another for the same resource, their niches
overlap.
a. True
b. False
What process moves large volumes of rock and heat within Earth’s mantle like giant
conveyer belts?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconvection current
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYseismic activity
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplate motion
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsubduction
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmagmatism
Withdrawing freshwater from deep aquifers amounts to mining a nonrenewable
resource.
a. True
b. False
What is a healthcare issue that can be caused by ozone?
a. skin cancer
b. reduced resistance to colds/pneumonia
c. nervous system disorders
d. mutations
e. stomach cancer
A habitat’s carrying capacity is largely determined by
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYinertia
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe environmental resistance
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYage structure
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa population’s survivorship curve
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa population’s reproductive capacity
The precautionary principle states that we should make decisions that help to prevent a
problem from occurring or becoming worse.
a. True
b. False
The death toll from smoking in the United States is roughly equivalent to more than six
fully loaded 200passenger jet planes crashing every day with no survivors.
a. True
b. False
Monoculture is a method of growing food that is utilized solely in ____.
a. industrialized agriculture
b. polyculture
c. traditional subsistence agriculture
d. traditional intensive agriculture
e. both industrialized agriculture and traditional intensive agriculture
Focusing on establishing and maintaining new habitats to conserve species diversity in
places where people live, work, or play to increase our beneficial environmental impact
– by learning how to share some of the spaces we dominate with other species – is
called____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiocultural replacement
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYurban sprawl
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreintroduction
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreconciliation ecology
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe ecosystem approach
A tax on the amount of CO2 in exhaust from burning gasoline would be an example of a
____.
a. subsidy shift
b. fullcost pricing
c. tax shift
d. perverse tax
e. green tax
Cities that make money by recycling and that have higher recycling rates tend to use a
____ for both recyclable and nonrecyclable materials
a. fee structure
b. subsidy incentive
c. multipickup system
d. singlepickup system
e. integratedpickup system
The ‘extinction capital’ of the United States is
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYFlorida, with 63% of its species at risk
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYKey West, with 72% of its species at risk
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCalifornia, with 63% of its species at risk
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHawaii, with 63% of its species at risk
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYPuerto Rico, with 63% of its species at risk
Nine of the ten warmest years on record since 1861 have taken place prior to 1950.
a. True
b. False
The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. competition
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpredation
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYparasitism
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmutualism
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcommensalism
The southern sea otter is a(n) ____ species that helps to sustain kelp forests by
controlling populations of sea urchins.
a. prey
b. indicator
c. keystone
d. rselected
e. Jcurve
Satellite data and other measurements and models indicate that 75–85% of the observed
ozone losses in the stratosphere since 1976 resulted from people releasing ____ and
other ozonedepleting chemicals into the troposphere beginning in the
1950s.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCO2
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCO
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNOx
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCFCs
e. UVBHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
A(n) ____ is an approximate representation or simulation of a
system.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmodel
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdatum
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprojection
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexperiment
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpeer review
A rain shadow is most likely produced by a ____.
a. forest
b. ocean
c. lake
d. sand dune
e. mountain
Which statement is true with regard to mutations?
a. Mutations are always harmful.
b. Mutations always provide for beneficial changes in an organism’s genetic makeup.
c. Mutations are chosen by the organism to improve their survival.
d. Mutations that survive in a population are determined by natural selection.
e. Mutations are caused only by harmful chemicals.
Why is there such little waste in nature?
a. The sun is an inexhaustible resource.
b. Organisms naturally avoid activities that create unnecessary waste.
c. The wastes and decayed bodies of any organism become nutrients or raw materials
for other organisms.
d. The earth is so vast that natural waste is not easily identified.
e. Waste is chemically unstable.
An important goal of environmental science is to learn how life on the earth has thrived
and survived.
a. True
b. False
What class of pollutant can cause excessive growth of algae?
a. sediments from land erosion
b. oxygendemanding wastes from sewage and animal feedlots
c. plant nutrients from industry, farms, and households
d. organic chemicals from industry, farms, and households
e. infectious agents from human and animal wastes
The genuine progress indicator, or GPI, takes into account the harmful environmental
and social costs of all transactions.
a. True
b. False
Compare and contrast commandandcontrol and incentivebased, or innovationfriendly,
government regulations. Explain the advantages of the incentivebased approach.
The Conservation and Recovery Act requires permit holders to use a(n)
____________________ system to keep track of waste that they transfer from a point
of generation to an approved offsite disposal facility.
A kestrel (small hawk) and redtailed hawk hunt for rodents in the same grassy meadow.
Coastal states in the United States typically have more ecosystems than landlocked
states.
Explain why energy input from the sun is highest at the equator and lowest at the poles.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
One of the most serious overdrafts of groundwater is in the United States in the lower
half of the ________________aquifer.
A(n) ____________________ effect is an immediate or rapid reaction to exposure to a
harmful substance.
Briefly explain why the Superfund Act is not as well funded as it initially was when
enacted.
What accounts for the difference between the overall environmental impacts of the
United States and Japan?
Muhammad Yunus and his Grameen Bank received the Nobel Peace Prize for
pioneering the use of ____________________ to assist millions of people in lifting
themselves out of poverty.
In newer ____________________ landfills, solid wastes are spread out in thin layers,
compacted, and covered daily with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYExplain why you cannot clear tropical forests to
grow crops or graze cattle on a sustainable basis.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Of the species now listed under the Endangered Species Act, more than
____________________ have populations that are either stabilizing or improving.
Based on the accompanying figure, which lakes will be mostly affected by acid rain?
Wind can be thought of as an indirect form of ____________________ energy.
Most experts call for a combination of mitigation and ____________________
approaches to help deal with the projected harmful effects of global climate change.
Why could honeybees be considered a keystone species?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCurrent and projected extinction rates in
____________________ or highly endangered areas of biodiversity are much higher
than the global average.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY