Organizational citizenship behavior is less likely to occur in organizations where there
is job dissatisfaction and a lack of organizational commitment.
Time management training typically includes such techniques as meditation and
relaxation.
Professor Goldstein required his laboratory assistant to have a GPA of 3.0 and to have
taken at least two biology classes. He chose the first student applicant who met these
minimum requirements. Professor Goldstein made a satisficing decision.
Individuals with high self-efficacy take on challenges and are unlikely to give up.
Globalization is the process by which an organization expands its operations
internationally.
The human relations movement studied the impact of work on the lives of the workers.
Feedback occurs when the person receiving a message becomes the sender of a new
message.
Action learning is the process whereby leaders learn to whom they should turn for
information and to find out the problem-solving resources that are available to them.
Research on the bias toward implicit favorites suggests that we tend to favor the last
alternative or option we review.
Meredith discovered a means for improving workflow in her section. She wrote her
idea on a card and placed it in the factoryʹs suggestion box. This is an example of lateral
communication.
Aidan is concerned that several of his brightest colleagues are reluctant to offer
suggestions at group meetings. One way of ensuring their active participation is to use a
brainstorming technique whereby all members are encouraged to present their ideas in
an uncritical way and discuss freely and openly all ideas on the floor.
A street gang would be considered a group if the gang members interacted with each
other, had a stable structure, shared common interests or goals, and perceived
themselves to be a group.
Bill does not trust his manager having observed him break several commitments over
the years. Thus it would be difficult for Bill to establish a transactional contract with his
manager.
Demographic changes can provide an advantage or opportunities to organizations.
The job characteristics model specifies that people feel personally responsible and
accountable for their work when their jobs provide skill variety, task identity, and task
significance.
The field of organizational behavior focuses on three interrelated levels of analysis:
attitudes, intentions, and behavior.
When William assumed the duties of senior clerk in his law office, he moved to an
office that had a window. Since there were a limited number of offices with windows,
this is considered an informal status symbol.
The degree to which the work environment and events affects individualsʹ emotional
reactions depends on their personalities, but not their moods.
Some employees perform better when their work is monitored while others will not
perform as well.
Although ʺdoing well by doing goodʺ is a popular idea, there is no consistent evidence
that socially responsible companies perform better than those that are less socially
responsible.
By themselves, codes of ethics have only limited effectiveness in regulating ethical
behavior in organizations.
American organizations are adopting diversity management programs in an effort to
create an atmosphere in which diverse groups can flourish.
Charles is reluctant to implement a new production process for fear that his job may be
eliminated. This illustrates an individual barrier to change.
Someone with a high internal locus of control is likely to believe that he or she can do
what it takes to influence any situation.
Affective Events Theory suggests that peopleʹs reactions to positive and negative events
on the job do not influence their job performance and job satisfaction.
Maintenance-oriented companies tend to have employees who have continuance
commitment, but not affective commitment.
Elizabeth has a low LPC score and is proving ineffective in managing a group identified
as having moderate situational control. The best way to respond to this would be for the
organization to replace Elizabeth with a high LPC leader.
ʺLast time we tried to automate the assembly line, it failed and cost us a lot to clean up
the mess.ʺ This is an example of an organizational barrier to change.
People at the conventional level of moral development determine what is right and
wrong in terms of complex philosophical principles of duty, justice, and rights.
The rationale behind division of labor is that if people specialize in just one or two
tasks, they will become experts in those functions and the production quantity and
quality will increase.
Innovation is the process by which individuals or teams produce novel ideas.
A manager can improve the performance of the semi-skilled workers by installing
electronic equipment to monitor their performance.
Queuing involves lining up incoming information so that it can be attended to in an
orderly fashion.
Research indicates that brainstorming groups are more productive than individuals
working alone when working on creative problems.
The tendency to judge what people are like based on what we have seen them do is
known as
A) interpersonal attribution.
B) halo effects.
C) stereotypes.
D) correspondent inferences.
Weber believed that ________ is the one best way to efficiently organize work in all
organizations.
A) bureaucracy
B) time and motion management
C) scientific management
D) Theory Y
________ is (are) defined as negative feelings about people belonging to certain groups.
A) Stereotypes
B) Attitudes
C) Discrimination
D) Prejudice
Which of the following is NOT a type of information we judge in making causal
attributions?
A) Consensus
B) Social identity
C) Distinctiveness
D) Consistency
Which of the following prohibits organizations from paying bribes to foreign officials
for purposes of getting
business?
A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
C) False Claims Act
D) Davis-Bacon Act
The idea behind the ________ technique is to bring together a small number of
individuals who systematically
offer their individual solutions to a problem and share their personal reactions to othersʹ
solutions.
A) GDSS
B) nominal-group
C) brainstorming
D) Delphi
Compared to teams, members of traditional work groups
A) have no sense of ownership over the work products.
B) are able to govern themselves.
C) do not require outside support staff.
D) are involved in making organizational decisions.
A family-owned restaurant has many photos of the ownersʹ children displayed
throughout the dining rooms.
These ________ communicate the firmʹs values of family, friendliness, and continuity.
A) ceremonies
B) ʺstatements of principleʺ
C) symbols
D) cultural icons
Self-efficacy is defined as
A) a personʹs assessment of his or her self-worth.
B) a personʹs commitment to the concept of rewards based on merit.
C) a personʹs belief in his or her capacity to perform a specific task successfully.
D) the extent to which a person holds positive views about him/herself.
According to ________ justice, people will be dissatisfied with their pay when it falls
below expected standards.
A) comparative
B) informational
C) distributive
D) procedural
In ________ organizations, chains of command are eliminated, spans of control are
unlimited, and rigid
departments give way to empowered teams.
A) virtual
B) boundaryless
C) horizontal
D) modular
The ________ initiated reforms in the standards by which public companies report
financial data.
A) Federal Prosecutions of Business Organizations Act
B) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C) Davis-Bacon Act
D) False Claims Act
The belief that people from certain groups possess common characteristics is referred to
as
A) prejudice.
B) discrimination.
C) stereotypes.
D) attitudes.
Alex had been rehearsing the class presentation of his term projects. On the day, he was
surprised to discover that his presentation was so much better than the practice runs in
his dorm room. What was the most likely cause for this?
A) Alex knew the material well.
B) Alex had memorized his ʺlinesʺ thoroughly.
C) His girlfriend sat in on the class to encourage him.
D) The presentation counted for 50% of his grade in the class.
The degree of risk involved in making a decision is dependent upon
A) the amount of money involved.
B) the probability of obtaining the desired outcome.
C) the impact of the decision on the lives of others.
D) the number of people involved in making the decision.
________ conflict often occurs when people from different backgrounds must work
together to perform tasks.
A) Substantive
B) Irreconcilable
C) Affective
D) Process
What is the process of delegating power from higher to lower levels within an
organization?
A) Line functioning
B) Decision-making authority
C) Empowerment
D) Decentralization
What are the targets that a manager can change?
A) People, technology, and structure
B) Demographics and governmental regulation
C) Competition and economic conditions
D) Demographics and competition
When a person accepts a goal as his/her personal goal, we say that person has
A) goal commitment.
B) self-efficacy.
C) motivational skill.
D) emotional control.
As compared to transactional contracts, the terms of relational contracts are
A) legally binding.
B) well defined.
C) static, rarely changing.
D) highly subjective.
OD seeks to enhance organizational performance by improving the quality of the work
environment and the
A) two-way flow of communications.
B) attitudes and wellbeing of employees.
C) commitment to goals and objectives.
D) system of appraisal and rewards.
Group decision making is superior to individual decision making when
A) there are significant time constraints.
B) there is strong leadership.
C) the membership is heterogeneous with complementary skills.
D) the possible solutions are expected to produce little conflict.
Terry and Jerry are planning the menu for their restaurant, but have different viewpoints
and opinions about
the selections. Their differences are defined as
A) substantive conflict.
B) process conflict.
C) affective conflict.
D) irreconcilable conflict.
While the aim of ________ is to give employment opportunities to members of
traditionally disadvantaged
groups, ________ recognizes that promoting diversity is a wise business strategy.
A) employment quotas; tolerance training
B) affirmative action; diversity management
C) diversity management; tolerance training
D) equal employment opportunity management; affirmative action
Many organizations have changed their structure by practicing ________, that is, they
eliminated non-core
sectors of their business and hired outside firms to perform these functions.
A) offshoring
B) contracting
C) outsourcing
D) resourcing
________ is an OD technique that focuses attention away from an organizationʹs
shortcomings and towards its
capabilities and potential.
A) Appreciative inquiry
B) Competitive intelligence
C) Management by objectives
D) Survey feedback
Which of the following is NOT a critical psychological state in the job characteristics
model?
A) Knowledge of the results of the work
B) Experienced meaningfulness of the work
C) Experienced responsibility for the outcomes of the work
D) Growth needs strength
Five people agreed to work together to build a playground at your home. What is the
most likely result?
A) They will build it faster than you would, but not five times faster.
B) It will be built five times faster than you would have built it.
C) Social facilitation would prevent them from finishing it.
D) You could have built it faster yourself.
What is the purpose of an employee assistance program?
A) To encourage employee participation in establishing workplace policies
B) To provide employees with help for various personal problems
C) To promote healthy living to reduce workplace stress
D) To offer career counseling and development opportunities
Organizational development techniques wonʹt work globally if
A) they are developed for U.S. organizations.
B) they donʹt fit with the cultural styles of the nation.
C) they are viewed as American interventions.
D) the organization is part of a government monopoly.