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HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA population's growth rate will increase after the
population reaches its carrying capacity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
The population of a country will decline if its age structure diagram
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis widest in the middle
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdoes not change in width until the very top
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis shaped like a skinny pyramid
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis shaped like a broadbased pyramid
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYis wider at the top than at the bottom
What is a disadvantage of capandtrade policies?
a. There is no clear legal limit on emissions.
b. There are no rewards to cut emissions.
c. There is no record of success.
d. The expense to consumers is very high.
e. The revenues are not predictable.
The population of ____ is projected to drop 24% by
2050.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYJapan
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe United States
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYChina
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIndia
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYUganda
Bacteria in the digestive systems of animals that help to break down the animals’ food,
and in return receive a sheltered habitat and food, are examples of mutualism.
a. True
b. False
Pesticides expand food supplies, raise profits, work fast, and are safe if properly used.
a. True
b. False
The number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume is the
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYlimiting factor
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcarrying capacity
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpopulation density
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresource partition
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgrowth maximum
What is the primary goal of an integrated pest management program (IPM)?
a. to increase inputs of fertilizer and irrigation water
b. to reduce crop damage to an economically tolerable level
c. to increase pesticide use
d. to decrease yields and increase costs
e. to increase the development of diseaseresistant pests
Liquid water changes temperature quickly because only a small amount of heat is
required to produce a large change in temperature.
a. True
b. False
The American alligator is a(n) ____ because it plays a number of important roles in the
ecosystems where it is found in the southeastern United
States.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYendemic species
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecialist species
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindicator species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexotic species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkeystone species
Plasma gasification is a technology that uses arcs of electricity in the absence of ____ to
produce very high temperatures for vaporizing
trash.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwater
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhazardous chemicals
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoal
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoxygen
e. carbon dioxideHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
What is the portion of surface runoff that we can generally count on as a stable source
of freshwater?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsurface water
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdrainage basin
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYreliable runoff
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYwatershed
e. precipitationHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Which statement best describes an organism's habitat?
a. nutrient relationships with other species
b. place or type of ecosystem in which a species lives
c. types of resource requirements
d. range of tolerance to different physical and chemical conditions
e. types of competitors
Some scientists and economists estimate that we could eliminate up to 80% of the solid
waste by applying integrated strategies that reduce, reuse, and recycle waste.
a. True
b. False
Those species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem are
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYkeystone species
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexotic species
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnative species
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnonnative species
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindicator species
One challenge of laboratory research is that ____.
a. too many variables are uncontrolled
b. real organisms cannot be used
c. observations may not reflect what actually takes place in nature
d. field locations can be expensive and difficult to access
e. measurements are difficult to make in that environment
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) involves restoring degraded wetlands so that they
will absorb massive amounts of carbon from the atmosphere.
a. True
b. False
According to the humancentered environmental worldview, all species have value as
participating members of the biosphere, regardless of their potential or actual use to
humans.
a. True
b. False
A species is biologically extinct when it has disappeared from the earth.
a. True
b. False
A chemical produced by animals to control their developmental processes at different
stages of life is known as a ____.
a. gene
b. protein
c. pheromone
d. hormone
e. carbohydrate
Which term encompasses all of the others?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural capital
b. natural resources
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecosystem services
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrenewable resources
e. nonrenewable resourcesHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIn 2000, delegates from 122 countries completed
a global treaty to control 12 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that contain ____.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDDT
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYozone
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYchlorofluorocarbons
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYmethane gas
e. mercuryHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYIf you typically consume large amounts of
processed foods, and certain wines, which category of chemical hazard is introduced
into your system?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYMutagens
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCarcinogens
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYTeratogens
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYNeurotoxins
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAntibodies
Important nonrenewable mineral resources are evenly distributed in Earth's crust.
a. True
b. False
A trait that creates a specific advantage for some organisms in the struggle to survive
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenables individuals with the trait to leave more
offspring than other members of the population leave
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresults in greater genetic diversity in the
offspring of those organisms that possess it than in those that do not possess the trait
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcauses the ratio of male and female offspring
produced to be equal
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresults in offspring that are genetically
different than the parents
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYforces nonheritable traits to be passed from
parent to offspring.
Improvements in energy efficiency could save up to 43% of the energy used in the
United States.
a. True
b. False
One problem that threatens aquatic biodiversity is the deliberate or accidental
introduction of ____ into coastal waters, wetlands, and lakes throughout the
world.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnew sources of food for aquatic organisms
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhundreds of harmful invasive species
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYexcess oxygen
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYskewed sex ratios
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgroundwater
Less than 10% of the U.S. public considers the environment to be one of the nation’s
most pressing problems.
a. True
b. False
It can take 400 to 1,000 years to break down ____ that end up in landfills or the
ocean.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdisposable coffee cups
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbatteries
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYglass bottles
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplastic bags
e. aluminum cansHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYA growing source of heavy oil is ____, which is a
mixture of clay, sand, water, and a combustible organic material called bitumen.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYshale oil
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtar sands
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoffshore oil
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrude oil
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYliquefied petroleum gas
Approximately 70% of the water withdrawn worldwide each year is used for
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYindustrial processes
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcooling towers of power plants
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYirrigation of croplands and raising livestock
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdomestic use
e. water theme parks in tourist areasHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
A(n) ____ is an extremely hot fire that leaps from treetop to treetop, burning whole
trees.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsurface fire
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcrown fire
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecotone fire
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYstrip fire
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYclear fire
Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably ____ of all species
that have ever lived.
a. 1%
b. 25%
c. 40%
d. 60%
e. 75%
