What kind of cropping is where one or more crops, usually legumes or other crops that
add nitrogen to the soil, are planted together and between orchard trees or fruitbearing
shrubs, which provide shade?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYalley
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcontour
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYterracing
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtillage
e. stripHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
What class of pollutant are acids, salts, and metals?
a. oxygendemanding wastes
b. organic plant nutrients
c. inorganic plant nutrients
d. inorganic chemicals
e. sediment
A positive feedback loop causes a system to change in the opposite direction from
which it is moving.
a. True
b. False
Modern industrialized food production violates the three scientific principles of
sustainability related to energy, greenhouse gases, and biodiversity.
a. True
b. False
The land area around a stream that delivers runoff, sediment, and dissolved substances
into the water is called the ____.
a. source zone
b. littoral zone
c. floodplain zone
d. transition zone
e. watershed or drainage basin
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHow do cogeneration systems work?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAs hybrid systems that use both renewable and
nonrenewable resources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWith an energyefficient, digitally controlled,
UHV system/transmission lines
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAs systems that use variable speed electric
motors.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWith the leftover heat from power generation,
heat can be used again for other systems
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYAs systems that generate energy flexibly
through a combination of resources
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY____ can be classified as primary consumers.
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDetritivores
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYOmnivores
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCarnivores
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYDecomposers
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYHerbivores
Urban populations occupy only about 3% of the earth’s land area, but they consume
____ of its resources.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 45%
d. 55%
e. 75%
In the 1980s, there was a backlash against environmental laws and regulations, led by
some who argued that environmental laws were hindering economic growth.
a. True
b. False
Women receive about ____ of the world’s income.
a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 25%
d. 50%
e. 75%
What would likely be found on an organic farm?
a. synthetic pesticides
b. synthetic fertilizers
c. genetically engineered seeds
d. feed additives
e. feed that contains no antibiotics
An environmentally literate person will understand that our ____ are immense and are
expanding rapidly.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnatural resources
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhazardous waste materials
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological footprints
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfood supplies
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsustainable resources
What causes a child to die every 18 seconds, on average, from diarrhea?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdiseasecausing agents
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYpoor hygiene
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcontaminated food sources
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcontaminated drinking water
e. malnutritionHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The earth’s variety of deserts, grasslands, forests, mountains, oceans, lakes, rivers, and
wetlands can be described as ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfunctional diversity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYbiome diversity
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYspecies diversity
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYgenetic diversity
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecosystem diversity
Logic and critical thinking are more important tools in science than imagination and
creativity.
a. True
b. False
Of the two types of dumps utilized for solid waste, open dumps
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare rare in developed countries
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcover wastes with clay or plastic foam
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYhave little odor
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYare vermin free
e. are the most environmentally friendlyHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYblowouts (rupture of a borehole of an oil rig in
the ocean)
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtanker accidents
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental terrorism
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYrunoff from land
e. normal operation of offshore wellsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Your text refers to the dependence on solar energy, biodiversity, and chemical cycling
as three major natural factors of ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresource guidelines
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYecological footprints
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental tenets
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYscientific principles of sustainability
e. preservationist goalsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The atomic number of an element is the number of
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYatoms in a molecule
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprotons in an atom
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYnuclei in a molecule
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYelectrons in an atom
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYprotons and neutrons in an atom
A population crash occurs when ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa population approaches its carrying capacity
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYenvironmental resistance comes into play
gradually
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYresources are essentially unlimited
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYa population greatly overshoots carrying
capacity, and resulting environmental pressures cause effects
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYthe population growth rate slows
The majority of the world’s forests are located
____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYat the equator
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYin the temperate zones
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYin mountains
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYadjacent to deserts
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYby large bodies of water such as oceans, lakes,
and bays
Production and delivery of natural gas may emit more CO2 and CH4 per unit of energy
produced than the burning of coal for commercial energy.
a. True
b. False
Different limiting factors are important for different kinds of environments.
a. True
b. False
Which type of waste can a homeowner recycle in their backyard as part of a composting
project?HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYdead animals
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYelectronics
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYplastics
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsome metals
e. vegetable food scrapsHTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
Since 1942, the use of synthetic pesticides has increased 10fold, yet food supply
damage due to pests has increased during that time.
a. True
b. False
Urban areas have some environmental advantages.
a. True
b. False
Smart growth tools include greenbelts around cities, promoting mixed use of housing
and small businesses, and ____.HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYextensive freeway networks to provide efficient
travel to and from work
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYconcentrating development away from mass
transportation routes
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYtaxing land instead of buildings
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYavoiding the construction of expensive mass
transit systems
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYleaving abandoned urban sites as they are
Some forms of ____ can grow from a population of 1 to well over 16 million in 24
hours.
a. bacteria
b. viruses
c. protozoan parasites
d. recovery botanical specialist
e. Anopheles
Which statement best describes the scientists’ initial observations?
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWoodrat nests had no apparent effect on cactus
populations.
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCactus plants were less common in proximity
to woodrat nests.
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYCactus plants were more common in proximity
to woodrat nests.
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWoodrats were spreading cactus seeds.
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYThe effect of woodrats on cactus plants was
different from season to season.
HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYWhich resource would best be categorized as
inexhaustible?
a. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYoil reserves
b. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYfisheries
c. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYsolar energy
d. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYforests
e. HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITYcoal reserves
The practice of including the estimated harmful environmental and health costs of
resource use in the market price of goods and services is called
____________________.
_____________________ occurs when two isotopes of light elements are forced
together at extremely high temperatures until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus.
Draw a flow chart that explains the life cycle of a metal resource.
The overuse of ____________________ can cause bacteria to develop genetic
resistance.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
What trophic level is occupied by the emperor penguin in the above food web? Briefly
state the reason for your choice.
Heating ores to release the metals they contain is called ____________________.
The use of bacteria and enzymes to convert toxic or hazardous substances to harmless
compounds is called ____________________.
What does it mean when scientist make predictions that are stated to have a 90% and
95% probability of happening?
List three ways that wood consumed in the United States is wasted.
____________________ occur primarily in the interiors of continents in areas that are
too moist for deserts to form and too dry for forests to grow.
On the figure of the earth’s crust, choose the letter that represents cold dense materials
falling through the mantle.
Scientists use the Richter scale, on which each unit has a(n) ____________________
ten times greater then the next smaller unit, to classify earthquakes as insignificant,
minor, damaging, destructive, major, or great.
On the figure of the earth’s crust, choose the letter that represents the continental crust.
A(n) ____________________ is an area at the mouth of a river built up by deposited
sediment and often containing estuaries and coastal wetlands.
Surface and subsurface mining accounts for about ___________________ of all U.S.
solid waste.
The process of repairing damage caused by humans to various ecosystems is called
____________________.
ANSWER: HTMLENTITY#8203HTMLENTITY
The estimated tipping point of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere is
____________________ ppm.