Personal factors as recreational interests, race, gender, and religion serve as foundations
for ________.
A) interest groups
B) work teams
C) friendship groups
D) committees
E) special-purpose teams
The theory based on the concept that individuals compare their inputs and outcomes
with their co-workers to determine if they are being treated fairly is ________.
A) expectancy theory
B) ERG theory
C) equity theory of motivation
D) Porter-Lawler theory of motivation
E) acquired needs theory
Betty, working for Creative Minds Advertising, decided with few of her colleagues to
have a potluck lunch once in a month. This is an example of ________.
A) a friendship group
B) an interest group
C) a committee
D) a task group
E) a special-purpose team
A reward that consists of the elimination of an undesirable consequence of behavior is
________.
A) punishment
B) negative reinforcement
C) positive reinforcement
D) omission training
E) extinction
Planning is advantageous to an organization, particularly in the creation of new
ventures. According to an often-cited survey, as many as 65 percent of all newly started
businesses are not around to celebrate a fifth anniversary. This high failure rate seems
primarily a consequence of inadequate planning. Successful businesses have an
established plan, a formal statement that outlines the objectives the organization is
attempting to achieve. Planning does not eliminate risk, of course, but it does help
managers identify and deal with organizational problems before they cause havoc in a
business. Which of the following best expresses the main point of this paragraph?
A) Adequate planning eliminates business risk.
B) All ventures have a 65 percent chance of failure.
C) Existing businesses do not derive as much value from planning compared to new
ventures.
D) Effective planning helps managers identify and plan for all organizational problems.
E) Companies that plan well appear to have a better chance at success.
An organization that has significant operations in more than one country, disregards
national boundaries, and is guided by a common strategy from a corporation center is
a(n) ________.
A) global organization
B) domestic organization
C) international corporation
D) multinational corporation
E) transnational organization
________ decisions relate to obtaining and effectively and efficiently using the
organizational resources necessary to reach organizational objectives.
A) Strategic planning
B) Operational control
C) Strategic control
D) Operational planning
E) Management control
Which of the following statements about formal groups is true?
A) The placements of organization members in such areas as marketing departments
and
personnel departments are examples of establishing formal groups.
B) Formal groups are a collection of individuals whose common work experiences
result in the development of a system of interpersonal relations that extend beyond
those established by management.
C) The coordination of and communication among the formal groups is the
responsibility of employees commonly called “cotter pins.”
D) Formal groups are divided into two general types: interest groups and command
groups.
E) The formal relationships among group members are summarized using a sociogram.
In the ________ stage, the sales of a product are just beginning to build.
A) decline
B) introduction
C) growth
D) maturity
E) saturation
During the ________ stage of team development, managers should recognize the team’s
accomplishments regularly, for productive team behavior must be reinforced to enhance
the probability that it will continue in the future.
A) performing
B) adjourning
C) storming
D) forming
E) learning
One of the general principles of management suggested by Fayol is centralization. What
is centralization?
A) Centralization is increasing the importance of the subordinate role.
B) Centralization directs that the entire organization should be moving toward a
common objective.
C) Centralization is lowering the importance of the subordinate role.
D) Centralization directs that all materials and people related to a specific kind of work
should be assigned to the same general location.
E) Centralization directs that the entire organization need not be moving toward a
common objective.
All of the English teachers at Springfield High School jointly developed and agreed on
the standards that students must achieve in order to graduate to the next grade. This is
an example of ________.
A) bounded rationality
B) consensus
C) rules of thumb
D) intuitive decision making
E) groupthink
________ is the second step of the entrepreneurial process.
A) Opportunity identification
B) Opportunity selection
C) Opportunity evaluation
D) Opportunity feedback
E) Opportunity success
Targets to be achieved in one year or less are ________.
A) time-bound actions
B) departmentalized goals
C) short-term objectives
D) long-term objectives
E) intermediate-term plans
Which of the following motivation theories focuses on the personal and natural
development of people to explain human needs?
A) Argyris’s maturity-immaturity continuum
B) Alderfer’s ERG theory
C) the Vroom expectancy theory
D) Herzberg’s two-factor theory
E) McClelland’s acquired needs theory
A bar graph with time on the horizontal axis and the resource to be scheduled on the
vertical axis is a ________.
A) managerial grid
B) PERT network
C) materials production source graph
D) Gantt chart
E) SWOT analysis