Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Communication is simply a matter of two individuals discussing something and
reaching a consensus.
Transactional contracts are characterized as open-ended, dynamic, and highly
subjective.
Classical organizational theory focuses on the effective organization of the work of
individuals.
Decision makers often use heuristics, or simple rules of thumb, to guide them through a
complex set of decision alternatives.
Sales representatives with higher levels of emotional intelligence are more productive
than those with low levels.
Organizations can promote competition through reward systems. One approach is to
institute a system of team-based rewards.
When evaluating a work groupʹs performance, a manager credits the groupʹs successes
but overlooks its failures. This managerʹs evaluation is an example of team halo effect.
According to the motivational fit approach, in order to have motivated subordinates, a
manager should both prescreen job applicants and train people in motivational skills.
ʺConglomerateʺ is another name for a large, multi-national corporation.
The neoclassical approach to organizational design promotes a flat hierarchical
structure with a high degree of decentralization.
The management by objectives technique recognizes that most organizational goals
cannot be objectively measured.
An obvious disadvantage of the nominal group technique is that the members must
meet face-to-face to consider the problem and to offer possible solutions.
Strategic planning is deliberate. Organizations make conscious decisions to change
fundamental aspects of their businesses.
When managers use bureaucratic controls, employees are likely to monitor by
procedural justice.
Stressors have a major impact on an individualʹs psychological and emotional
condition, and only a minimal effect on physical well-being.
The Board of Trustees asked the Dean of Students how many freshmen used alcohol on
a regular basis. Since she didnʹt have time to conduct a survey, the Dean replied ʺabout
forty percentʺ based on her experience as a student twenty years earlier. The Dean of
Students used a representative heuristic.
Technological advances have impacted the traditional organizational hierarchies. As
firms downsized, many middle managers and executives have found their jobs
eliminated.
To communicate effectively, senders must avoid the use of jargon. Jargon is categorized
as noise that distorts the communication process.
In general, staff people are better educated and tend to be more committed to their
profession than line people, who are more likely to perceive themselves as part of the
company.
The administrative model recognizes that the decision maker must have full and
accurate information before being able to make a satisfactory decision.
The LPC contingency theory assesses a leaderʹs style by identifying the leaderʹs esteem
for the person with whom he or she has found it most difficult to work.
The motivational fit approach suggests that the better the fit between people and their
jobs, the more motivated they will be.
Acute stressors are the most extreme. They are unrelenting and have a long-term effect
on the body, mind, and spirit.
The Hawthorne studies found that worker productivity is increased by improving the
workerʹs physical working conditions.
Personal-power motivation is a leadership trait that refers to a leaderʹs need for
achievement.
In group dynamics, prescriptive norms dictate the behaviors that should be performed.
The value theory approach to job satisfaction states that employees want to feel that
they are valued by their organizations and that their work has intrinsic value.
The three components of motivation are goal arousal, direction, and persistence.
In the communication process, noise is defined as any audible sounds, including static,
which distracts the parties involved.
Commitment is defined as the ʺwe-feelingʺ, the esprit-de corps, and the sense of
belonging to a group.
Since we live in a democracy, it is always preferable to use a group decision-making
approach.
Since Dennis arrived at the office in a cheerful mood, his co-workers can expect that he
would remain cheerful for the rest of the day.
Before making a rational decision, the manager would need to have complete and
perfect information and be able to process all this information in an accurate and
unbiased fashion.
Compared to the transactional contracts that short-term employees are likely to have
with their supervisors, relational contracts survive because of the degree of trust that
exists between the employees and their supervisors.
Members of the sorority always ʺdressedʺ for dinner. When Elizabeth arrived for dinner
last night, she was still wearing her gym clothes and none of her sisters sat at her table.
This is an example of pressure being applied to conform to group norms.
Pity, envy, jealousy, and scorn are examples of social emotions.
Which of the following are identified as the most extreme because they are constant and
unrelenting in nature?
A) Chronic stressors
B) Acute stressors
C) Flight stressors
D) Episodic stressors
In the decision-making process, what happens at the predecision step?
A) Alternative solutions are generated.
B) The decision makers establish the objectives to be met.
C) The decision makers attempt to recognize the problem.
D) A decision is made about how to make the decision.
A senior senator who is able to influence the behavior of newly elected representatives,
because the younger
representatives like and admire him, is exercising his
A) referent power.
B) legitimate power.
C) charisma.
D) expertise.
Which of the following is an example of a leaderʹs personal power?
A) Cohesive followers
B) Informational power
C) Rational persuasion
D) Coercive power
A narrowly and well-defined relationship for a brief time span, and with an exclusively
economic focus, would
be characterized as a
A) relational contract.
B) psychological contract.
C) legal contract.
D) transactional contract.
________ is defined as the tendency of people to mimic the emotional expressions of
others.
A) Emotional contagion
B) Mood swings
C) Emotional expressiveness
D) Cultural identity
When colleagues share information about how to solve a common problem, they are
engaging in ________
communication.
A) intrapersonal
B) multi-lateral
C) downward
D) horizontal
A casual conversation between the CEO and the office assistant in the elevator would
be an example of
________ communication.
A) grapevine
B) formal
C) upward
D) verbal
In the traditional organizational structure, span of control refers to
A) the number of levels in the hierarchy of authority.
B) the number of people formally reporting to each individual manager.
C) the total number of people employed at each location.
D) the chain of command through which authority and responsibility flows.
Businesses have found that the long-term impact of promoting ethical behavior includes
A) increased operating costs.
B) a reputation for pious and self-righteous posturing.
C) an inability to attract and retain ethical employees.
D) improved financial performance.
Different pathways over which information travels are called
A) channels.
B) documents.
C) messages.
D) transmitters.
At Allied Promotions, Inc. a team of nine people have a high degree of autonomy. With
no formal supervisor,
they make work assignments, decide on the pace of work, etc. This indicates that they
are members of
A) leaderless working arrangement.
B) fully-autonomous work team.
C) a self-managed work team.
D) semi-autonomous work group.
Job satisfaction has been shown to be positively associated with
A) increased on-the-job injuries.
B) life satisfaction.
C) absenteeism.
D) employee theft.
________ often occurs when organizations need far fewer people to operate today than
in the past.
A) Rightsizing
B) Outsourcing
C) Automating
D) Offshoring
McKenzie quit her job claiming that the organization had a toxic culture. To what was
she referring?
A) The working environment was unsafe.
B) The work was monotonous.
C) The employees did not feel valued.
D) The firm was filing for bankruptcy protection.
The ________ design is most likely to be adopted when organizations face a complex
and uncertain
environment and need economies of scale in their use of internal resources.
A) matrix
B) virtual
C) functional
D) organic
An organizationʹs dominant culture
A) reflects the core values that generally are shared throughout the organization.
B) flows from the values and personality of the organizationʹs founder.
C) reinforces the organizations assumptions and core values and ensures that they are
perpetuated over
time.
D) overwhelms the organizationʹs stakeholders, both internal and external.
Formal efforts directed towards making teams effective are referred to as
A) team building.
B) initiation ceremonies.
C) groupthink.
D) orientation programs.
The role of the leader is changing as organizations replace traditional work groups with
teams. Team leaders
are more likely to
A) share the limelight with all their team members.
B) relate to team members individually.
C) work at reducing conflict between individuals.
D) focus on training employees.
Whereas ________ refers to fundamental beliefs about what is right or wrong,
________ refers to standards of conduct.
A) attitudes; justice
B) world religions; behavioral inclination
C) ethical values; morality
D) moral values; ethics
In a(n) ________ organization, there only are a few levels of authority and
responsibility.
A) hierarchical
B) efficient
C) tall
D) flat
The process of creating jobs that people are motivated to perform because they are
inherently appealing is
called
A) job enlargement.
B) job rotation.
C) job sharing.
D) job design.
Second-order change refers to
A) incremental change.
B) strategic planning.
C) radical change.
D) mandatory planning.
If an amusement park employee is unhappy and extremely angry but must smile and
entertain children
nevertheless, the employee
A) needs positive affectivity.
B) lacks self-esteem.
C) experiences emotional dissonance.
D) has self efficacy problems.
The False Claims Act of 1986
A) provides guidelines for penalizing organizations involved in illegal activities.
B) focuses on the fiduciary responsibilities of boards of directors.
C) protects whistleblowers who report fraudulent behavior against U.S. government
agencies.
D) penalizes corporate officers who submit fraudulent accounting data.
Attitudes have three components; they are
A) prejudice, stereotypes, and behavior.
B) evaluative, behavioral, cognitive.
C) feelings, actions, results.
D) work, personal, organizational.
ʺThe process by which an individual influences others in ways that help attain the
group or organizational
goalsʺ defines
A) vision.
B) strategic management.
C) leadership.
D) teamwork.
At the beginning of each academic year, a private college welcomes freshmen with a
convocation at which faculty wear academic regalia. This traditional ceremony is
viewed as a valuable way to transmit the collegeʹs culture to its newest members.
Andrew will be completing his MBA this semester. He is looking for a job that pays at
least $60,000, provides major medical insurance, and is within a dayʹs drive from his
aging parentsʹ home. When he received a job offer of $65,000, with full medical
insurance, and in his hometown, he accepted it. His decision-making behavior is called
A) optimizing.
B) satisficing.
C) affiliative.
D) rational.
The Big Five dimensions of personality define ________ as the degree to which
someone is well organized,
careful, self-disciplined, and precise as opposed to disorganized, careless, and
undependable.
A) introversion
B) stability
C) conscientiousness
D) reliability
Recruiting employees whose values closely match those of the organization is one way
to develop
A) organizational commitment.
B) enhanced performance.
C) corporate loyalty.
D) satisfied employees.
The ________ model of decision-making seeks to make the optimal decision after
considering all possible alternatives.
A) proscriptive
B) administrative
C) non-programmed
D) rational-economic
Change is never easy. Why do employees and organizations resist change? How can an
organization reduce
the resistance to change?
Shenandoah Valley Commercial Bank is planning to redesign their branches to increase
the job satisfaction and motivation of their tellers. With reference to the job
characteristics model, what would you suggest?
ʺAn organization must either adapt to changing conditions or shut its doors.ʺ Do you
agree? Describe some of the pressures for change.
What do you understand by the term ʺpersonality?ʺ How does personality relate to job
performance?
How is organizational development useful in implementing change?
Aleksey, a citizen of an Eastern European country, has come to the United States to
major in business administration at a large university. With reference to the
communication process, what is some of the ʺnoiseʺ he will encounter as he attends
class?
Distinguish between cooperation and competition. What are some of the positive
outcomes of organizational
conflict?
What are the assumptions of Theory X and Theory Y orientations? Which orientation
better applies to todayʹs business?
What is a cafeteria-style benefit plan? It is a useful motivation technique?
What is organizational behavior? How is it multidisciplinary in nature?
Describe the different sources of stress facing employees both on and off the job.
Why is trust important in interpersonal relationships? What actions can a manager take
to develop and maintain workplace trust?
Some have argued that the only responsibility for management is to make as much
money as possible for the shareholders. Others argue that a corporation has an
obligation to be socially responsible. How would you respond?
You have been appointed chair of a task force created to establish an ethics program for
your corporation. What should be included in this program?
What have been the impacts, positive and negative, of computer-mediated
communication on organizational activities?
Social facilitation and social loafing are common occurrences in groups. Describe these
phenomena and their impacts on a groupʹs effectiveness.
What is a matrix organization? Do you recommend this structure for most businesses?
Distinguish between prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. What actions can
employers take to eliminate the negative effects of each?
Do you believe that good ethics is good business? Explain your answer.
What actions can a manager take to improve the job satisfaction of employees?
