b. Upward communication
c. Personal communication
d. Horizontal communication
e. Downward communication
The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior is referred to
as:
a. avoidance learning.
b. punishment.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. extinction.
e. inefficient management.
Which of these best illustrates the preconventional stage of moral development?
a. Everybody else is doing it, so it must be okay.
b. What would my boss think if I did this?
c. I know this is not right, and I will not do it, even if everyone else is.
d. What am I going to get from making this decision?