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Individuals who post defamatory messages in a "chat room" are protected from liability
for defamation.
The intention to ratify an unauthorized act may be expressed by words or conduct.
Sound business practice dictates the use of written contracts for both suretyships and
indemnities.
Grievance procedures established in most collective bargaining agreements provide a
means by which persons claiming the contract has been violated may have their cases
decided by impartial third parties.
Under Title VII, whites are protected against discrimination because of race and color.
Ethics is a philosophical concept that deals with values related to the nature of human
conduct.
The SEC requires that annual shareholder reports be submitted to shareholders in any
proxy solicitation on behalf of management.
A contract for the sale of goods is not enforceable unless the contract clearly expresses
the price.
To be found guilty of violating a consumer protection statute or a deceptive trade
practices act, a defendant must be proven guilty of fraud.
A recognizance is an agreement by which one party admits or recognizes that a
specified sum of money is owed to another party.
Conduct that unreasonably interferes with the enjoyment of land is a nuisance.
If the obligor is notified in any manner that there has been an assignment and that any
money due must be paid to the assignee, the obligor's obligation can be discharged only
by making payment to the assignee.
A common carrier is liable for all delays in the delivery of goods.
If a person upon whom the assurance is demanded does not have a good reputation or
economic position, a guarantee of performance or a pledge of security may be required.
The payee has no rights in an instrument until the drawer or the maker has delivered it
to the payee.
A civil nuisance may be terminated by abatement or closure by government authority,
while a criminal nuisance is not subject to such action.
A partnership must have a name.
Securities covered by the securities acts include not only investment instruments such
as stocks and bonds but also "investment contracts."
A manufacturer with distributors in New York City may give its newer distributors free
advertising and other services to help them compete with the distributors who have
been doing business for a number of years and have become firmly established.
