A perfected purchase-money security interest in inventory can have priority over a
conflicting security interest in the same inventory.
City Bank mistakenly transfers $1,000 from the account of Donna, its customer, to the
account of Earl in First Federal Bank. The transfer is done electronically. When City
Bank learns of the mistake, it credits Donnas account and asks First Federal to “return
$1,000. First Federal refuses. City Bank files a suit against First Federal, claiming that
it is in violation of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act. How might the court rule?
To be negotiable, an instrument must not be on material that lends itself to permanence.