Which of the following substances induces “bolting,” the rapid elongation of a plant
stem?
A) a gibberellin
B) abscisic acid
C) ethylene
D) phytochrome
When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage
enters the bacterial cytoplasm?
A) the whole phage
B) only the RNA
C) only the DNA
D) the protein “headpiece” and its enclosed nucleic acid
The Kissimmee River Restoration Project is an
A) example of large-scale bioremediation to clean up a mercury spill.
B) example of a dam that interrupted the breeding of salmon and other species.
C) attempt to restore the natural wetlands associated with the Kissimmee River.
D) effort to join two previously unconnected lakes to permit better drainage.
Ozone
A) formation is promoted by CFCs.
B) is broken down by carbon dioxide.
C) is a source of oxygen for cellular respiration.
D) protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation.
The location of the heart’s pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called
the
A) atrioventricular node.
B) sinoatrial node.
C) Purkinje fibers.
D) left ventricle.
The technique called radiometric dating is based on
A) the steady, clocklike decay of certain radioactive isotopes over time.
B) the assumption that radioactive isotopes accumulate in fossils at a constant rate.
C) the formation of radioactive molecules in rocks after they are laid down.
D) the use of fossils of known age to determine how fast carbon-14 decays.
A survivorship curve is a
A) graph that plots an individual’s likelihood of reproducing as a function of age.
B) graph that plots an individual’s likelihood of being alive as a function of age.
C) graph that shows the effect of predation on a prey population.
D) model for population growth that incorporates the concept of carrying capacity.
In the figure above, which structure allows sufficient water to enter the leaf?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
Which of the following options correctly lists the three stages of labor in the order in
which they occur?
A) dilation, expulsion, delivery of the placenta
B) dilation, crowning, expulsion
C) contractions, dilation, expulsion
D) dilation, crowning, delivery of the placenta
The emergence of many diverse species from a common ancestor is called
A) adaptive radiation.
B) gradualism.
C) allopatric speciation.
D) hybridization.
Fossil and genetic evidence strongly supports the idea that modern humans
A) independently arose from three different ancestral Homo species in Africa and
Eurasia.
B) all derive from a single African lineage that spread from there into other parts of the
world starting about 50,000 years ago.
C) derive from an African lineage but also have genes derived from mixing with several
Eurasian descendants of Homo erectus.
D) derive from Neanderthals that independently evolved the features of modern humans
in Europe and Africa.
Which step of the citric acid cycle requires both NAD+ and ADP as reactants?
A) step 1
B) step 2
C) step 3
D) step 4
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to
A) its size.
B) the presence of pleated sheets.
C) the amino acids of which it is made.
D) the overall three-dimensional structure.
Which of the following statements best represents the theory of pangenesis developed
by Hippocrates?
A) Pregnancy is a spontaneous event, and the characteristics of the offspring are
determined by the gods.
B) Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism’s body, collect
in the sperm or eggs and are passed on to the next generation.
C) Offspring inherit the traits of either the mother or the father, but not both.
D) Heritable traits are influenced by the environment and the behaviors of the parents.
Most of the best agricultural soils in the United States are found in areas that were
formerly
A) temperate grasslands.
B) taiga forest.
C) tropical rain forest.
D) tundra.
When sarcomeres contract, they generate force (tension). However, the amount of force
generated depends on the sarcomere length and the amount of thick and thin filament
overlap. Below is a figure that details the forcegenerating properties of a single
sarcomere. This figure was modified from a scientific paper by Al Gordon and
colleagues from 1966 and is a classic illustration of the relationship between sarcomere
length and force.
At what point on the graph is the sarcomere the most extended?
A) point A
B) point B
C) point C
D) point E
Which of the following are not included among the bilateria, a clade of animals with
bilateral symmetry at some stage of development?
A) sea stars (Echinodermata)
B) earthworms (Annelida)
C) sea anemones (Cnidaria)
D) octopus (Mollusca)
Most animals are
A) bulk feeders.
B) filter feeders.
C) suspension feeders.
D) fluid feeders.
How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them?
A) by increasing the plants’ metabolic rate
B) by altering the plants’ growth
C) by reducing the plants’ seed production
D) by destroying the root system
Suppose that you have a younger sibling who excels in mathematics and logic but has
extreme difficulty remembering the faces of people she meets, even if she sees them
again only a few hours after first meeting them. What other evidence would indicate
that your sibling is left-brained?
A) an fMRI indicating high levels of activity in the left parietal lobe
B) an fMRI indicating high levels of activity in the left occipital lobe
C) an fMRI indicating high levels of activity in the left temporal lobe
D) an fMRI indicating high levels of activity in the left cerebral hemisphere
New growth that increases stem length on a plant arises mainly from
A) the base of the stem.
B) apical meristems.
C) the tips of leaves.
D) the vascular cambium.
ATP and NADPH
A) power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle.
B) are products of the Calvin cycle.
C) provide energy to photosystem I and photosystem II.
D) are used in the electron transport chain to pump H+ into the thylakoid space.
According to this figure, heterozygotes for this form of hypercholesterolemia suffer
from the disease because they
A) produce an abnormally shaped LDL receptor.
B) don’t produce any LDL receptors.
C) produce too many LDL receptors.
D) don’t produce enough LDL receptors.
Brittany’s family includes several individuals with a genetic disorder that affects
primarily males. Her husband Tony has no history of the disease. They have decided
that their best chance to have a healthy family is to have only daughters. Through a new
type of assisted reproductive technology, it is possible to separate sperm that will
produce sons from those that will produce daughters. Brittany’s eggs will be fertilized
by in vitro fertilization (IVF) with sperm that can produce only daughters. The
developing female embryo can be implanted into her uterus to complete development
normally.
The daughter-producing sperm used to fertilize Brittany’s eggs should be
A) diploid primary spermatocytes.
B) haploid secondary spermatocytes.
C) haploid sperm cells.
D) diploid sperm cells.
Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?
A) sucrose, starch, and cellulose
B) starch, amino acids, and glycogen
C) cellulose, starch, and glycogen
D) fructose, cellulose, and glucose
Application of herbicides may have unintended consequences because
A) different types of plants respond differently to the same herbicide.
B) plants may increase or decrease the production of hormones in order to avoid the
effect of herbicides.
C) plants may concentrate the herbicides in their fruits so that they can be released from
the plant.
D) plants create new mutations to avoid herbicides, and those new mutations may have
unintended consequences.
In what part of the world did the mutation for lactose tolerance first appear?
A) East Asia
B) South America
C) northern Europe
D) North America
When you are very nervous, perhaps before you must speak in front of your college
class, you notice that your mouth is dry and your heart is racing. This is most likely due
to stimulation by the
A) enteric division of your autonomic nervous system.
B) sympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system.
C) parasympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system.
D) motor division of your parasympathetic nervous system.
Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts of the human digestive
system, from first to last contact with food matter?
A) pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine
B) oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
D) oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
Which level in the hierarchy shown is a community?
A) level A
B) level B
C) level C
D) level D
Which of the following kinds of animals excrete their nitrogenous waste entirely as
ammonia?
A) birds
B) fish
C) garden snails
D) insects
You are reading the journal of an amateur naturalist who visited the Sonoran Desert in
the last century. Which of his descriptions of desert plants would you question?
A) a plant whose seeds will not germinate unless soaked
B) a perennial that flowers only after years of vegetative growth and produces a large
number of seeds
C) a late winter hillside covered with wildflowers
D) a common annual that produces one large seed per plant