1) the muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from
a) insufficient acetylcholine release from presynaptic vesicles.
b) loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane.
c) the motor neuron action potential being too small to shock the muscle fibers.
d) excessive acetylcholinesterase that destroys the neurotransmitter.
e) inability of the muscle fiber to produce atp.
2) the following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse.
1. chemically-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.
2. calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal.
3. acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine.
4. an action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal at the presynaptic membrane.
5. the synaptic terminal reabsorbs choline.
6. acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.
7. acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
8. calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the synaptic terminal.
the correct sequence for these events is
a) 4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1
b) 4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5
c) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5
d) 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3
e) 6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5
3) during an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely
in the region of the injury?
a) increase in basophils
b) increase in histamine
c) increase in blood flow
d) cold, pale skin
e) swelling
4) after fertilization, the first cell division is completed
a) within a few seconds.
b) within the hour.
c) about 6 hours later.
d) in 12 hours.
e) more than a day later.
5) the vitamin that is part of the coenzymes fad and fmn is
a) thiamine.
b) riboflavin.
c) niacin.
d) folic acid (folate).
e) cobalamin.
6) which of these provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in
the neck and in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
a) vagus nerves
b) sciatic nerves
c) glossopharyngeal nerves
d) pelvic nerves
e) cervicothoracocabdominopelvic nerves
7) the temporalis muscle passes through the
a) alveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible.
b) tendinous band around the optic foramen.
c) epicranial aponeurosis.
d) zygomatic arch.
e) fascia surrounding the submandibular salivary gland.
8) the stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it
a) has folds in the mucosa.
b) has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.
c) secretes digestive juice.
d) moves by peristalsis.
e) secretes digestive hormones.
9) during appositional growth
a) bones grow longer.
b) bones grow wider.
c) bone is replaced by cartilage.
d) the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis.
e) osteoblasts are overwhelmed by osteocytes.
10) in a triaxial articulation
a) movement can occur in all three axes.
b) movement can occur in only two axes.
c) movement can occur in only one axis.
d) only circumduction is possible.
e) no movement is possible.
11)
figure 17-1 the sectional anatomy of the eye
identify the structure labeled “7”
a) choroid
b) optic disc
c) sclera
d) retina
e) cornea
12) the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to
peptide hormones is usually
a) camp.
b) cgmp.
c) adenyl cyclase.
d) a g protein.
e) calcium ion levels.
13)
figure 28-1 the male reproductive system
identify the structure labeled “2”
a) penile urethra
b) ejaculatory duct
c) corpora cavernosa
d) corpus spongiosum
e) membranous urethra
14) list in order the structures of the renal corpuscle that a substance must pass through
during filtration:
1.filtration slit (slit pore)
2.capsular space
3.dense layer
4.capillary endothelium
a) 4, 3, 2, 1
b) 4, 1, 2, 3
c) 4, 3, 1, 2
d) 3, 1, 4, 2
e) 2, 4, 3, 1