1) smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
2) trochanters are unique to the femur.
3) hair and nails are composed of collagen.
4) interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each
other.
5) the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) sets in only
if protein reserves are depleted.
6) in a myelinated fiber, only the initial segment in the trigger zone has
voltage-regulated channels.
7) hormones are normally secreted via ducts into the bloodstream.
8) a crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an
inclusion.
9) posterior root ganglia contain somas of unipolar neurons.
10) the ischium is posterior to the pubis and inferior to the ilium.
11) clinically, dystrophin is the most important noncontractile protein to occur in
muscle fibers.
12) the hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.
13) cleavage results in daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes of the
parent cell.
14) rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light.
15) the number of ovarian follicles declines with age, leading to a reduction of estrogen
levels.
16) the occipitalis and frontalis are connected via the __________.
a. galea retinaculum
b. galea aponeurotica
c. galea cranium
d. galea orbicularis
e. galea neurotica
17) in the glycocalyx, __________ act like identification tags that enable the body to
distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells.
a. glycoproteins
b. lipoproteins
c. cholesterol molecules
d. phospholipids
e. cell-adhesion molecules
18) the average number of bones in the adult skeleton is __________.
a. 56
b. 106
c. 156
d. 206
e. 256
19) the signals that control your handwriting travel down the spinal cord in the
_________ tracts.
a. tectospinal
b. corticospinal
c. lateral vestibulospinal
d. medial vestibulospinal
e. spinocerebellar
20) the countercurrent multiplier recaptures __________ and is based on fluid flowing
in the __________ direction in two adjacent tubules.
a. potassium; same
b. calcium; opposite
c. calcium; same
d. sodium; opposite
e. sodium; same
21) what is the function of aldosterone?
a. it increases both na+ and k+ reabsorption.
b. it increases both na+ and k+ secretion.
c. it increases na+ reabsorption and k+ secretion.
d. it reduces na+ reabsorption and k+ secretion.
e. it causes the urine to be more diluted.
22) carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except _________.
a.carbaminohemoglobin
b.carbonic acid
c.carbonate
d.bicarbonate ions
e.dissolved gas
23) a predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (eeg) might indicate
that a person is physically and mentally relaxed?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. theta
d. delta
e. gamma
24) __________ opens up one segment of the dna helix during replication;
__________adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed dna strand.
a. dna ligase; dna helicase
b. dna helicase; dna polymerase
c. dna ligase; dna polymerase
d. dna helicase; dna ligase
e. dna polymerase; dna ligase
25) which cells form myelin in the spinal cord?
a. schwann cells
b. astrocytes
c. satellite cells
d. oligodendrocytes
e. microglia
26) a connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n)
__________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.
a. entire cell; organelle; tissue
b. organelle; entire cell; part of a cell
c. organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules
d. complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell
e. complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell
27) which of the following is true regarding the difference between the mucosa of the
small and large intestines?
a. they both have villi, but only the small intestine has microvilli.
b. the small intestine has deeper intestinal crypts than the large intestine.
c. the small intestine has simple columnar epithelium and the large intestine does not.
d. intestinal crypts are only found in the large intestine.
e. the large intestine has larger circular folds than the small intestine.
28) the _________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.
a. posterior pituitary
b. anterior pituitary
c. hypothalamus
d. thyroid
e. thymus
29) which of the following is not a steroid hormone?
a. insulin
b. cortisol
c. progesterone
d. aldosterone
e. estradiol
30) the __________ is the small, bilateralorgan found lateral to the membranous
urethra.
a. seminal vesicle
b. urethra
c. bulbourethral gland
d. prostate gland
e. ejaculatory duct
31) air consists of about 78.6% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and
0.5% water. at sea level, (760 mmhg) what is the pco2?
a.597 mm hg
b.159 mm hg
c.0.3 mm hg
d.3.7 mm hg
32) the number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its____________.
the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its
__________.
a. tonicity; osmolarity
b. osmolarity; diffusion
c. osmolarity; tonicity
d. osmolarity; molarity
e. tonicity; diffusion
33) most primates are ________________, meaning they live in trees.
a. prehensile
b. bipedal
c. cursorial
d. troglodytic
e. arboreal
34) which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure
(cop)?
a. severe liver failure
b. a diet predominantly based on red meat
c. starvation
d. an extremely low-protein diet
e. hypoproteinemia
35) which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the
small intestine?0-2013
a.circular folds (plicae circulares)
b.intestinal length
c.microvilli
d.villi
e.rugae