Dominant mutant forms of exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except
_____.
a.they are recycled by endocytosis more quickly than the normal receptor
b.the cytoplasmic tail is truncated
c.they are able to form stable dimers with the normal form
d.they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms
e.they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form.
If the process of positive selection did not occur, then
a.a condition resembling immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy,
X-linked syndrome (IPEX) would develop
b.a condition resembling autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal
dystrophy (APECED) would develop
c.naive T cells would be unable to undergo differentiation in secondary lymphoid tissues
d.malignant transformation would be more likely because of the accumulation of multiple
mutations
e.only a very small percentage of circulating T lymphocytes would be able to become
activated.
Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin light chains is correct?
a. associates with only particular heavy-chain isotypes.
b.There is no functional difference between and .
c.A given antibody may contain just , or just , or both.
d.Most antibodies in humans contain light chains.
e.Light chains possess only framework regions, not hypervariable regions.
All of the following contribute to the generation of functional NK cells in the bone marrow
with diverse KIR phenotypes except _____.
a.competing bi-directional promoters of KIR genes
b.delay of KIR expression until NK cells enter the circulation
c.closely packed KIR genes on chromosome 19
d.establishment of a level balance between activating and inhibitory signals
e.gene silencing by DNA methylation
f.the number of KIR ligands brought by the HLA-A, -B, and -C tissue type.
Which of the following are characteristics of innate immunity:
a.inflammation
b.improvement in recognition of the pathogen during the response
c.fast response
d.highly specific for a particular pathogen
e.cytokine production.
All of the following participate in signal transduction in developing B cells except
a.terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
b.FLT3
c.CD19
d.Ig and Ig
e.Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk)
f.CD45
Which of the following is correctly matched? (Select all that apply.)
a.early pro-B cell: VDJ rearranged
b.pre-B-cell receptor: VpreB 5/ heavy chain
c.mature B cell: IgM plus IgD
d.small pre-B cell: VJ rearranged
e.immature B cell: heavy chain plus or light chain on surface.
Which of the following statements is correct concerning membrane-coding (MC) exons of
immunoglobulin genes?
a.MC exons are located upstream (5′) of the constant-domain exons.
b.MC exons code for amino acids that anchor and stabilize the light chain to the membrane
of B cells.
c.MC exons specify transmembrane hydrophobic amino acids that associate with the
B-cell membrane.
d.MC exons are removed from primary RNA transcripts as a consequence of alternative
mRNA splicing when secreted antibodies are produced by plasma cells.
e.Somatic hypermutation causes alteration in the coding sequence of MC exons.
Which of the following molecules is not elevated on the surface of memory B cells
compared with naive B cells?
a.MHC class II molecules
b.CD45RA
c.antigen receptor
d.CD27
e.co-stimulatory molecules.
Of the following HLA -chain loci, which one exhibits the highest degree of
polymorphism?
a.HLA-A
b.HLA-B
c.HLA-C
d.HLA-DP
e.HLA-DR.
Match the term in column A with its description in column B.
Explain why individuals who have the condition selective IgA deficiency do not succumb
to repeated infection through mucosal surfaces.
Match the innate immune receptor in column A with its ligand(s) in column B. More than
one ligand may be used for each immune receptor.
Compare the organization of T-cell receptor and genes (the TCR and TCR loci)
with the organization of immunoglobulin heavy-chain and light-chain genes.
You have isolated a subset of CD25+ CD4+ T cells from the blood that have T-cell
receptors specific for a self antigen but do not proliferate when challenged with the antigen
in vitro. What is the name given to these T cells, and what role are they thought to have in
preventing autoimmunity?
Describe two ways in which dendritic cells capture antigen from the intestine for
presentation to T lymphocytes.