Which of the following are not a component of immunological memory?
a.effector B cells
b.memory T cells
c.memory B cells
d.long-lived plasma cells.
Which of the following is an effect of both tacrolimus and corticosteroids?
a. reduced T-cell proliferation
b. decreased production of nitric oxide
c. decreased production of IL-3, IL-4, GM-CSF, and TNF
d. decreased activity of cyclo-oxygenase type 2
e. serum sickness.
Individuals with an antibody deficiency are more susceptible to infections by all of the
following except _____.
a.Streptococcus pneumoniae
b.Haemophilus influenzae
c.Streptococcus pyogenes
d.Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e.Staphylococcus aureus.
The first line of defense against microorganisms that infect the body is referred to as
_____.
a.opportunistic immunity
b.innate immunity
c.adaptive immunity
d.primary immunity
e.central immunity.
_____ is a monoclonal antibody administered to transplant patients before and after
transplantation in order to induce lymphopenia.
a.Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG)
b.Tacrolimus
c.Alemtuzumab
d.Belatacept
e.Basiliximab.
Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is false?
a.They express either inhibitory receptors or activating receptors, but not both.
b.Their inhibitory receptors are necessary to prevent killing of healthy cells.
c.They all express CD56.
d.Because NK cells express diverse combinations of receptors, no single NK cell expresses
them all.
e.Some of their activating and inhibitory receptors use MHC class I ligands.
Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulins is correct?
a.Immunoglobulins make up five classes (or isotypes) called IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
b.Regardless of their isotype, immunoglobulins all have the same effector function.
c.Antibodies consist of four identical heavy chains and four identical light chains.
d.Peptide bonds hold the heavy and light chains together.
e.The constant regions make up the antigen-binding site.
_____ has/have tyrosine phosphatase activity that interrupts the signaling pathways
required for the activation of NK cells.
a.SHP-1
b.MIC proteins
c.KIR ligands
d.phosphoantigens
e.lipid-transfer proteins.
At birth, the size of the repertoire of T-cell receptors is _____ its size at adolescence.
a.smaller than
b.larger than
c.about the same as.
Identify the incorrect statement regarding hematopoiesis.
a.Hematopoiesis is a continuous process that occurs throughout one€s lifetime.
b.The location for hematopoiesis differs with age.
c.Self renewal is necessary to replenish the supply of hematopoietic stem cells.
d.Most hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow after birth.
e.Leukocytes, but not erythrocytes, must go through hematopoiesis in order to develop.
On the basis of laboratory experiments, a possible scenario for the activation of an
adaptive immune response would involve _____ within an infected tissue. (Select all that
apply.)
a.a balanced number of myeloid dendritic cells and NK cells
b.an abundance of NK cells compared with myeloid dendritic cells
c.a shortage of NK cells compared with myeloid dendritic cells
d.migration of myeloid dendritic cells to secondary lymphoid tissue
e.migration of NK cells to secondary lymphoid tissue.
The Fc RI receptor binds to _____:antigen complexes and facilitates the phagocytosis of
opsonized antigens.
a.dimeric IgA
b.IgM
c.IgE
d.IgG
e.monomeric IgA.
Unlike secreted mucins, membrane mucins _____.
a.do not trap and kill nearby microorganisms
b.are not cross-linked by disulfide bonds
c.do not possess repetitive domains
d.are not glycosylated
e.are encoded by only one gene in humans.
All of the following types of protein are processed and presented by macrophages in the
thymus except _____ proteins.
a.tissue-specific
b.soluble proteins from extracellular fluids
c.ubiquitous proteins
d.proteins made by macrophages
e.proteins derived from other cells that macrophages phagocytose.