Justin has type A blood and his wife Brittany has type B blood. Justin’s parents both
have type AB blood, and Brittany’s parents also both have type AB blood. What are the
chances that Justin and Brittany’s son Theodore has type A blood?
A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) 0%
You have a cup of vegetable oil and a vial full of normal phospholipids. What would
you predict would happen if you dropped the phospholipids into the cup of vegetable
oil?
A) The phospholipids would form a sphere with the heads on the inside.
B) The phospholipids would form a sphere with the tails on the inside.
C) The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the tails in the air.
D) The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the heads in the air.
The energy required to initiate an exergonic reaction is called
A) exergonic energy.
B) endergonic energy.
C) input energy.
D) activation energy.
At which point(s) in the figure below would the blood have the highest concentration of
CO2?
A) point A only
B) points B and C
C) point D only
D) points C and E
There is concern over the use of 2,4-D, a synthetic plant hormone, as a weed killer
because the by-product dioxin
A) can cause irreversible mutations in crop plants.
B) causes massive fish kills when it gets into lakes and streams.
C) can cause birth defects and leukemia in mammals.
D) weakens the shells of the eggs of predatory birds, resulting in the death of their
offspring.
All animals
A) are prokaryotic.
B) are heterotrophic.
C) have cell walls made of chitin.
D) obtain food by absorption.
According to this figure, which group includes the closest living relatives to tetrapods
such as amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?
A) tunicates
B) sharks and rays
C) ray-finned fishes
D) lobe-finned fishes
What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
A) Exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve covalent
bonds.
B) Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the
formation of bonds.
C) Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it.
D) In exergonic reactions, the reactants have less chemical energy than the products; in
endergonic reactions, the opposite is true.
Suppose that you have scratched a mosquito bite and, in the process, damaged some of
your stratified squamous epithelial cells. What will happen?
A) The damaged cells will heal themselves.
B) The cells near the base of the epithelium will rapidly replicate to replace the
damaged cells.
C) Vitamin D synthesis will begin, thus encouraging cell replacement.
D) The function of the skin will be totally lost.
Fish that quickly and accurately sense the location of a nearby motionless fish in cloudy
water are probably using
A) electromagnetic receptors.
B) photoreceptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) pain receptors.
Which of the following statements about pH is true?
A) The pH scale is a measure of oxygen ion concentration.
B) A single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ion
concentration.
C) An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units.
D) Basic pH levels are less than 7.
Which of the following are threats to the biodiversity of invertebrates?
A) habitat destruction
B) non-native (invasive) species
C) habitat degradation
D) habitat destruction, non-native (invasive) species, habitat degradation
In addition to abiotic factors, community composition of plants can be severely
compromised by
A) parasites and pathogens.
B) introduction of chestnut trees.
C) non-native birds.
D) rapid coevolution.
Linked genes generally
A) do not follow the laws of independent assortment.
B) show incomplete dominance.
C) reflect a pattern of codominance.
D) show pleiotropy.
Humans are an example of
A) chemoautotrophs.
B) photoautotrophs.
C) chemoheterotrophs.
D) photoheterotrophs.
The sugar ‘sink” in roots is the result of
A) active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells.
B) absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells.
C) active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells.
D) the pull of gravity on sugar molecules.
Which of the following could be a topic for a community-level study of a hydrothermal
vent ecosystem?
A) the relationships between crabs at the vent and other areas of the ocean
B) the evolution of a certain species of bacteria in response to the changing composition
of the water emitted by the hydrothermal vents
C) the composition of the water emitted by hydrothermal vents
D) the interactions between Yeti crabs and other species near hydrothermal vents
Genetic drift resulting from a disaster that drastically reduces population size is called
A) natural selection.
B) gene flow.
C) the bottleneck effect.
D) the founder effect.
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Americans spend up to $100 billion annually for bottled water (41 billion gallons). The
only beverages with higher sales are carbonated soft drinks. Recent news stories have
highlighted the fact that most bottled water comes from municipal water supplies (the
same source as your tap water), although it may undergo an extra purification step
called reverse osmosis.
Imagine two tanks that are separated by a membrane that’s permeable to water, but not
to the dissolved minerals present in the water. Tank A contains tap water and tank B
contains the purified water. Under normal conditions, the purified water would cross the
membrane to dilute the more concentrated tap water solution. In the reverse osmosis
process, pressure is applied to the tap water tank to force the water molecules across the
membrane into the pure water tank.
Water that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys is returned to the body through the
action of aquaporins. Which of the following statements about water balance disorders
is scientifically accurate?
A) People with heart failure often swell due to too much water from excess numbers of
aquaporins.
B) Water retention (too much water) in pregnancy can be due to a decreased number of
aquaporins.
C) Kidney failure and decreased urine production are due to increased numbers of
aquaporins.
D) Small amounts of urine are produced by people who inherit a defect in the ability to
make aquaporins.
Which of the following is an example of predation?
A) a lizard’s camouflage
B) a hawk swooping down quickly to capture, kill, and eat a prairie king snake
C) a goldfinch feeding on the seeds of a thistle plant
D) the vivid colors of the poison-arrow frog in Costa Rica
Which structure in the image has a different number of chromosomes than the others?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
Steroid hormones are lipids made from
A) amino acids.
B) cholesterol.
C) nucleic acids.
D) carbohydrates and amino acids.
Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must
A) be terrestrial.
B) have a high ratio of body surface area to volume.
C) have a low ratio of body surface area to volume.
D) have a special kind of hemoglobin.
A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission
electron microscope is used to study ________.
A) live cells; dead cells
B) cell surfaces; internal cell structures
C) dead cells; live cells
D) internal cell structures; cell surfaces
Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) a large central vacuole containing fluid
D) cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane
There is a mutation in the operator of the trp operon in a cell such that the trp repressor
is unable to bind to the operator. If tryptophan is added to the cell, what will happen?
A) Tryptophan will bind to the repressor, and trp enzymes will be produced.
B) Tryptophan will bind to the repressor, and trp enzymes will not be produced.
C) Tryptophan will not bind to the repressor, and trp enzymes will be produced.
D) Tryptophan will bind to the operator, and trp enzymes will be produced.
In 2013, an estimated 160,000 people in the United States will die of lung cancer. If the
cancer death rate is expected to increase by 1% per decade, approximately how many
people will die of lung cancer in the United States in 2033?
A) 160,000
B) 163,000
C) 176,000
D) 194,000
The chief function of root hairs is to
A) decrease the anchoring power of roots.
B) increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.
C) provide a direct passageway from the soil to the vascular cylinder.
D) provide a home for symbiotic bacteria.
The geographic isolation of a population from other members of the species and the
subsequent evolution of reproductive barriers between it and the parent species
describes ________ speciation.
A) punctuated
B) sympatric
C) allopatric
D) biogeographic
In examining the effects of atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the
world, scientists studied the mating behavior of male frogs exposed to atrazine (Atr)
compared to a group that was not exposed (Non). The results are shown in the figure.
The role of the nontreated males in this experiment is
A) to increase the sample size.
B) to act as controls.
C) to show that not all matings are successful.
D) to determine number of matings per frog.
Which of the following compounds is produced and secreted by mast cells during an
allergic reaction?
A) interferon
B) allergens
C) histamine
D) perforin