The Ig -associated tyrosine kinase _____ phosphorylates the cytoplasmic tail of CD19,
which mediates signal transduction in activated B cells.
a.CD81
b.Blk
c.Fyn
d.Lyn
e.Syk.
An important way in which effector T cells differ from naive T cells is that _____.
a.the cell-surface level of LFA-1 is lower on effector T cells
b.L-selectin is upregulated during differentiation of effector T cells
c.cellular proliferation occurs after effector T cells leave the secondary lymphoid tissues
d.the provision of co-stimulatory signals is not required to induce a response by effector T
cells
e.effector T cells do not recirculate between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid
tissues.
Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes _______, whereas secondary
lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes _______.
a.are stimulated; develop and mature
b.encounter pathogens; undergo apoptosis
c.develop and mature; become stimulated
d.undergo clonal selection; differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells
e.die; are phagocytosed after death.
Explain (A) how the ligand for CD94:NKG2A serves as an indicator of non-infectious or
non-malignant states of potential target cells, and (B) the consequence if ligand expression
is compromised on target cells.
The function of negative selection of thymocytes in the thymus is to eliminate
a.single-positive thymocytes
b.double-positive thymocytes
c.alloreactive thymocytes
d.autoreactive thymocytes
e.apoptotic thymocytes.
Which of the following is an example of a subunit vaccine? (Select all that apply.)
a.hepatitis B vaccine
b.Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
c.trivalent oral polio vaccine
d.influenza vaccine
e.Bexsero®.
The name given to cytokines that recruit cells to move towards areas of inflammation is
_____.
a.chemokines
b.caspase-recruitment domains (CARDs)
c.inflammakines
d.adhesion molecules
e.pyrogens.
Identify the mismatched pair of chemokine and the cells that secrete it.
a.CCL19: lymph-node dendritic cells
b.CXCL13: follicular dendritic cells
c.CCL21: stromal cells of secondary lymphoid tissues
d.All of the above are correctly matched.
The CDR3 loops of the T-cell receptor contact the _______:
a.side chains of amino acids in the middle of the peptide
b.co-receptors CD4 or CD8
c.membrane-proximal domains of the MHC molecule
d.constant regions of antibody molecules
e. helices of the MHC molecule.
B cells are activated by CD4 TH2 cells only if both cell types recognize the same antigen.
The same epitope, however, does not need to be shared for recognition.
A.Discuss why this characteristic is important in vaccine design.
B.Provide an example of a conjugate vaccine used to stimulate the synthesis of IgG
antibody against Haemophilus influenzae B polysaccharide.
A.What is Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
B.What is the underlying cause?
Contrast acute rejection and chronic rejection.
What risks are associated with live-attenuated virus vaccines?
A-What is the main effector function of IgM antibody?
B-Why is IgM efficient at (i) preventing blood-borne infections and (ii) fixing
complement, but (iii) less efficient than other antibody classes in inducing phagocytosis of
immune complexes?
From a clinical perspective explain how the logistics of organ transplantation differ from
those for a bone marrow transplant.
Identify three characteristics of smallpox that aided in the global eradication of this disease
through a rigorous vaccination program.
Describe the structure of an antibody molecule and how this structure enables it to bind to
a specific antigen. Include the following terms in your description: heavy chain (H chain),
light chain (L chain), variable region, constant region, Fab, Fc, antigen-binding site,
hypervariable region, and framework region.