119 Chapter 9—Higher Invertebrates
Chapter 9—Higher Invertebrates
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The molluscs:
a.
do not have a larvae stage.
b.
lack a digestive system.
c.
have bodies divided into segments.
d.
possess a soft body covered with a mantle.
e.
make a chitinous shell.
2. Chitons, snails, clams and squid all belong to this phylum:
a.
Mollusca.
b.
Gastropoda.
c.
Bivalvia.
d.
Platyhelminthes.
e.
Cephalopoda.
3. Which are not correctly paired?
a.
Gastropodia – snails
b.
Cephalapodia – squid
c.
Bivalvia – mussels
d.
Gastropoda – clams
e.
Bivalvia – scallops
4. The visceral mass of molluscs does not contain the
a.
circulatory system.
b.
excretory system.
c.
nervous system.
d.
head-foot.
e.
digestive system.
5. The digestive system of molluscs is found in the:
a.
head.
b.
foot.
c.
mantle.
d.
visceral mass.
e.
mantle cavity.
120 Chapter 9—Higher Invertebrates
6. The odontophore of molluscs is part of the:
a.
digestive system.
b.
nervous system.
c.
excretory system.
d.
defense system.
e.
reproductive system.
7. The nephridium of molluscs is part of the:
a.
reproductive system.
b.
excretory system.
c.
nervous system.
d.
digestive system.
e.
defense system.
8. The structure used for secreting the shell of many molluscs is called the:
a.
foot.
b.
visceral mass.
c.
mantle.
d.
tentacles.
e.
radula
9. The radula functions to:
a.
filter feed.
b.
assist in reproduction.
c.
scrape algae off of rocks.
d.
assist in osmoregulation.
e.
secrete the shell.
10. The outer layer of the molluscan shell is called the ____ layer.
a.
foot
b.
collagen
c.
nacreous
d.
prismatic
e.
periostracum
11. The molluscan shell does not contain the:
a.
periostracum.
b.
prismatic layer.
c.
narceous layer.
d.
mantle.
12. Molluscs with a tubular shell and sheath foot are:
a.
scaphopods.
b.
gastropods.
c.
bivalves.
d.
cephalopods.
e.
nudibranchs.
13. Animals covered by eight overlapping shells on their dorsal surface are
a.
chitons.
b.
octopuses.
c.
shrimp.
d.
crabs.
e.
lobsters.
14. Most intertidal chitons are considered
a.
grazers.
b.
predators.
c.
scavengers.
d.
filter feeders.
e.
infauna.
15. Intertidal chitons and snails use the ____ as a means of attachment to the rocks.
a.
foot
b.
mantle
c.
visceral mass
d.
head
e.
radula
16. Molluscs that live in a tusk-like shell that is open at both ends belong to the class:
a.
Polyplacophora.
b.
Scaphopoda.
c.
Cephalopoda.
d.
Gastropoda.
e.
Bivalvia.
17. Many gastropods have external shells composed of:
a.
two valves.
b.
eight overlapping valves.
c.
a series of internal chambers.
d.
one valve.
e.
chitin.
18. Which genus of gastropod has been reported to have caused human fatalities?
a.
Cyphoma
b.
Cassis
c.
Conus
d.
Busycon
e.
Nassarius
19. Nudibranchs belong to the class ____ of the phylum Mollusca.
a.
Gastropoda
b.
Cephalopoda
c.
Bivalvia
d.
Polyplacophora
e.
Pulmonata
20. The ____ have cerata on their surface for gas exchange.
a.
nudibranchs
b.
limpets
c.
scaphpods
d.
chitons
e.
cephalopods
21. The opening of the shells of some gastropods is protected by the:
a.
parapodia.
b.
setae.
c.
operculum.
d.
head.
e.
cerata
22. The most common planktonic stage of the majority of marine gastropod species is the:
a.
trochophore larva.
b.
veliger larva.
c.
megalopa larva.
d.
zoea larva.
e.
planula larva.
23. Molluscs having two jointed valves or shells belong to the class:
a.
Gastropoda.
b.
Cephalopoda.
c.
Bivalvia.
d.
Polyplacophora.
e.
Scaphopoda.
24. Most bivalves are:
a.
predators.
b.
parasites.
c.
filter feeders.
d.
grazers.
e.
detritivores.
25. The valves of bivalves are closed by the action of:
a.
siphons.
b.
adductor muscles.
c.
longitudinal muscles.
d.
myomeres.
e.
mantle contractions.
26. The siphuncle of nautiloids is used for:
a.
regulating respiration rate.
b.
providing propulsion.
c.
regulating water and gas content within the chambers.
d.
capturing food.
e.
reproduction
27. Chromatophores are specialized cells in cephalopods that are responsible for:
a.
bioluminescence.
b.
changing colors.
c.
regulating buoyancy.
d.
maintaining osmotic balance.
e.
excreting nitrogenous wastes.
28. The following phylum is characterized by having a hydrostatic skeleton:
a.
Mollusca.
b.
Annelida.
c.
Cnidaria.
d.
Porifera.
e.
Platyhelminthes.
29. Spiny bristles used for locomotion that emanate from the segments of annelids are called:
a.
pharynx.
b.
parapodia.
c.
epitokes.
d.
setae.
e.
prostomia.
30. The most common marine annelids are:
a.
polychaetes.
b.
roundworms.
c.
earthworms.
d.
leeches.
e.
ribbon worms.
31. Epitokes of polychaetes are:
a.
feeding structures.
b.
respiratory structures.
c.
reproductive individuals.
d.
excretory structures.
e.
feeding individuals.
32. Which is not a typical food item for polychaetes?
a.
live capture of fish
b.
live capture of invertebrates
c.
detritus
d.
suspension feeding on plankton
33. A pile of castings outside the burrow of a polychaete indicates it
a.
has just dug a burrow.
b.
has completed a meal of other worms.
c.
is a filter feeder.
d.
is a selective deposit feeder.
e.
is a nonselective deposit feeder.
34. Swarming in polychaetes for reproduction appears to be timed by:
a.
biorhythms of the animals.
b.
lunar cycle and tides.
c.
solar cycle and tides.
d.
temperature.
e.
current direction.
35. The echiuran Urechis is also known as:
a.
the peanut worm.
b.
the lugworm.
c.
the innkeeper worm.
d.
the beardworm.
e.
the fan worm.
36. The sipunculid worms are also called:
a.
peanut worms.
b.
lugworms.
c.
innkeeper worms.
d.
fanworms.
e.
beardworms.
37. What do shipworms and a peanut worms have in common?
a.
both can bore through hard substrata.
b.
both are filter feeders.
c.
both are in the same phylum.
d.
both are hermaprodites.
38. An important role of burrowing animals is:
a.
reducing detritus in the sediment.
b.
maintaining the structure of marine sediments.
c.
nutrient cycling.
d.
circulating water near the bottom.
39. Marine worms play an important role in the food chain by
a.
consuming organic matter.
b.
removing biotoxins from the ecosystem.
c.
being prey for larger marine organisms.
d.
both a and b.
e.
b and c only.
40. Cage exclusion studies have demonstrated that polychaetes are a common prey item of:
a.
gray whales.
b.
crabs.
c.
fish.
d.
both b and c.
e.
a and b only.
41. A Tampa Bay study demonstrated species diversity and abundance of polychaetes within a square
meter was in excess of:
a.
10,000 individuals among 50 species.
b.
13,000 individuals among 37 species.
c.
50,000 individuals among 50 species.
d.
100,000 individuals among 37 species.
e.
100,000 individuals among 50 species.
42. Which of the following has not contributed to the evolutionary success of arthropods?
a.
jointed appendages
b.
water vascular system
c.
well-developed sense organs
d.
hard exoskeleton
e.
compound eyes
43. The exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of:
a.
chitin.
b.
silica.
c.
cellulose.
d.
calcium carbonate.
e.
starch.
44. All of the following apply to the subphylum Chelicerata of the phylum Arthropoda except:
a.
they have chelicerae.
b.
males are smaller than females.
c.
body is composed of three parts.
d.
they have three pairs of antennae.
45. The function of chelicerae is similar to that of the __________ in crabs and lobsters.
a.
reproductive organs.
b.
antenna.
c.
mouthparts.
d.
claws.
46. Of the marine arthropods, in which group does the male carry the eggs?
a.
Mandibulates
b.
Crustaceans
c.
Decapoda
d.
Sea spiders
e.
Barnacles
47. Arthropods having two pairs of antennae belong to the subphylum:
a.
Chelicerata.
b.
Insecta.
c.
Crustacea.
d.
Pycnogonida.
e.
Cirrepedia.
48. The molting process is a means for arthropods to:
a.
remove winter coat.
b.
slough off attached anemones.
c.
grow.
d.
develop a new color pattern.
e.
attract mates.
49. The crabs, lobster, and true shrimp are members of the order:
a.
Stomatopoda.
b.
Decapoda.
c.
Euphausiacea.
d.
Amphipoda.
e.
Isopoda.
50. Which of the following is not a decapod?
a.
shrimp
b.
lobster
c.
crab
d.
krill
51. What is false about decapods?
a.
first walking legs are usually modified.
b.
eyes are compound.
c.
they have only one pair of antennae.
d.
mandibles are used to crush food.
e.
sexes are usually separate.
52. An important food source for baleen whales are:
a.
shrimp.
b.
krill.
c.
lobsters.
d.
crabs.
e.
horseshoe crabs.
53. ____ can dominate the zooplankton community of temperate waters.
a.
Copepods
b.
Amphipods
c.
Barnacles
d.
Shrimp
e.
Heteropods
54. Barnacles live a(n) ____ lifestyle.
a.
planktonic
b.
infaunal
c.
nektonic
d.
sessile
e.
mobile
55. The beach flea Talitrus is a member of the order:
a.
Stomatopoda.
b.
Decapoda.
c.
Euphausiacea.
d.
Amphipoda.
e.
Isopoda.
56. What do cephalopods and crustaceans have in common?
a.
they both have sharp, tearing beaks.
b.
both have compound eyes.
c.
both are nektonic predators.
d.
in males, both transfer spermatophores into the female.
57. Spiny skinned organisms that have a water vascular system belong to the phylum:
a.
Echinodermata.
b.
Chordata.
c.
Bryozoa.
d.
Arthropoda.
e.
Mollusca.
58. Echinoderms exhibit modified ____ symmetry.
a.
asymmetric
b.
bilateral
c.
radial
d.
triradial
59. Small structures used for removing debris from the surface of sea stars are:
a.
madreporites.
b.
spines.
c.
tubercles.
d.
pedicellariae.
e.
the dermal gills.
60. What is false about sea stars?
a.
they cannot regenerate.
b.
broadcast spawning is common.
c.
asexual reproduction is common.
d.
tube feet are located on the oral surface.
e.
stomach is everted to digest its prey.
61. Water enters the water vascular system of echinoderms through the:
a.
spines.
b.
mouth.
c.
madreporite.
d.
tubercle.
e.
tube feet.
62. Brittle stars are members of the class ____ of the phylum Echinodermata.
a.
Asteroidea
b.
Ophiuroidea
c.
Echinoidea
d.
Holothuroidea
e.
Crinoidea.
63. Those echinoderms with a globular or flattened test are of the class:
a.
Holothuroidea.
b.
Asteroidea.
c.
Ophiuroidea.
d.
Echinoidea.
e.
Crinoidea.
64. The class of echinoderms that releases tubules or eviscerates internal organs is called:
a.
Holothuroidea.
b.
Asteroidea.
c.
Ophiuroidea.
d.
Echinoidea.
e.
Crinoidea.
65. An ancient class of echinoderms whose members are suspension feeders with long, feathery arms is
called:
a.
Asteroidea.
b.
Crinoidea.
c.
Ophiuroidea.
d.
Echinoidea.
e.
Holothuroidea.