Campbell Biology in Focus, 2e (Urry)
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell
4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest
resolution by using a
A) phase-contrast light microscope.
B) scanning electron microscope.
C) transmission electronic microscope.
D) confocal fluorescence microscope.
2) One advantage of light microscopy over transmission electron microscopy is that
A) specimen preparation for light microcopy does not produce artifacts.
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than transmission electron microscopy.
C) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than transmission electron microscopy.
D) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
3) Biologists commonly use cell fractionation to
A) sort cells based on their size and weight.
B) visualize the 3-D structure of cell membranes.
C) isolate organelles to examine their biological functions.
D) examine the distribution of organelles within the cell.
4) When subcellular components from disrupted cells are separated using centrifugation, the
primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component remains in the liquid
solution or ends up in the pellet is
A) the relative size and weight of the component.
B) the relative solubility of the component.
C) how hydrophobic the component is.
D) the carbohydrate composition of the component.
5) When disrupted cells are spun in a centrifuge at increasingly higher speeds, which of the
following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will pellet?
A) ribosomes, nuclei, mitochondria
B) chloroplasts, ribosomes, pieces of membrane
C) nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts
D) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
6) What is the primary reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can
resolve biological images as small as 2 nm, whereas 200 nm is the limit of resolution for a light
microscope?
A) Diffraction of light by a light microscope distorts the image.
B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal.
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.
D) TEM is used to visualize very thin sections of cells.
7) What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed
chromosomes during cell division?
A) standard light microscopy
B) super-resolution microscopy
C) transmission electron microscopy
D) scanning electron microscopy
8) The smallest cell structures that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-
resolution) research-grade light microscope is
A) microtubules.
B) chloroplasts.
C) ribosomes.
D) nuclear pores.
9) Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria?
A) DNA
B) flagella
C) plasma membrane
D) ribosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum
10) Which of the following will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells?
A) cell wall
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplast
D) nucleoid
E) capsule
11) Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?
A) Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not.
B) Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not.
C) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.
D) DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea.
12) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Bacteria and Protista
C) Archaea and Protista
D) Bacteria and Archaea
13) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules?
A) lipids
B) glycogen
C) proteins
D) cellulose
E) nucleic acids
14) The nuclear lamina is a netlike array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect
to be the most likely immediate consequence?
A) the loss of all nuclear function
B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
C) a change in the shape of the nucleus
D) closure of nuclear pores disrupting transport of materials into and out of the nucleus
E) inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals
15) A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely
A) producing primarily proteins for secretion.
B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins.
C) producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix components.
D) producing primarily an abundance of new membranes.
E) enlarging its vacuole.
16) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?
A) smooth ER
B) lysosomes
C) rough ER
D) Golgi vesicles
E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes
17) Extracellular matrix proteins are produced by ribosomes in which part of a eukaryotic cell?
A) lysosomes
B) cytoplasm
C) nuclear envelope
D) Golgi apparatus
E) rough ER
18) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the
corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is
that
A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells.
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
D) animal cells are spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated.
19) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following
structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nuclear envelope
E) lysosomes
20) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from
prokaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane
system.
B) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.
C) Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the
cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
D) In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located
outside of the cell.
21) Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils,
phospholipids, and steroids?
A) ribosome
B) lysosome
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondrion
22) Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) detoxification of toxins
B) protein modification and sorting
C) synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins
D) assembly of ribosomal subunits
23) The membranes of various organelles in the endomembrane display differences in their lipid
and protein compositions. These differences are largely established by
A) the transport and exchange of membrane lipids among organelles of the endomembrane
system by small membrane vesicles.
B) the function of the Golgi apparatus in modifying, sorting, and directing membrane
components to their final destinations.
C) the modification of membrane components once they reach their final destination.
D) the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane
system.
24) Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of
cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic
enzymes?
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) central vacuoles
D) peroxisomes
25) Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating very
large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be defective in this condition?
A) the endoplasmic reticulum
B) the Golgi apparatus
C) the lysosome
D) mitochondrion
26) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
A) lysosome
B) peroxisome
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
27) One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the
endomembrane system. Which eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of,
or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system?
A) plasma membrane
B) chloroplasts
C) mitochondria
D) nuclear envelope
28) Some key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor are
membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following organelles or features is likely to be a
common component shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors?
A) ribosomes
B) chloroplasts
C) mitochondria
D) nuclear envelope
29) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome
30) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma
membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
A) a bacterium.
B) an animal, but not a plant.
C) an archaeal or eukaryotic organism.
D) any eukaryotic organism.
31) Which of the following organelles is found exclusively in plant cells?
A) peroxisomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) plastids
D) nuclei
32) Why isn’t the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
A) It has a double membrane structure.
B) It is not involved in protein synthesis.
C) It produces a special class of transport vesicles.
D) It is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi.
33) What types of proteins are synthesized somewhere other than the rough ER?
A) plasma membrane proteins
B) extracellular matrix proteins
C) secreted proteins
D) mitochondrial proteins
34) What types of proteins are synthesized by the rough ER?
A) ribosomal proteins
B) soluble cytosolic proteins
C) mitochondrial proteins
D) lysosomal proteins
35) Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
A) rough ER
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome
36) Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates
to oxygen?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome
37) Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in
A) vacuoles.
B) chloroplasts.
C) mitochondria.
D) lysosomes.
E) nucleoli.
38) In an animal cell, DNA may be found
A) only in the nucleus.
B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria.
C) only in the nucleus and rough ER.
D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and rough ER.
39) If plant cells are grown on media containing radioactively labeled thymine for one
generation, where will radioactively labeled macromolecules be detected?
A) only in the nucleus
B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria
C) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts
D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
40) A double membrane encloses which of the following organelles?
A) only nuclei
B) only mitochondria
C) nuclei and chloroplasts
D) nuclei and lysosomes
41) The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are
virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of
the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of
mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?
A) in the cytoplasm
B) on the nucleoid membrane
C) on the endoplasmic reticulum
D) on the plasma membrane