1
Campbell Essential Biology, 6e (Simon/Dickey/Hogan/Reece)
Chapter 28 The Life of a Flowering Plant
Chapter 28 Chapter Outcomes
28 Biology and Society: The Buzz on Coffee Plants
28.1. Describe the history of cultivation and consumption of plants such as coffee, and explain
why the production of chemicals, such as caffeine by coffee plants, is adaptive.
28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant
28.2. Compare the structures of monocots and eudicots.
28.3. Describe and compare the structures, functions, and development of root and shoot
systems.
28.4. Describe and compare the structure, function, and arrangements of plant cells and tissues.
28.2 Plant Growth
28.5. Distinguish between annuals, biennials, and perennials.
28.6. Distinguish between primary and secondary growth.
28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
28.7. Describe the structures, functions, and formation of reproductive structures for a
flowering plant during its life cycle.
28 Evolution Connection: The Problem of the Disappearing Bees
28.8. Explain how flowering plants and land animals each gain from their mutually beneficial
relationship, and describe the latest threat to bees.
Global Learning Outcomes
1. Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical-thinking skills.
3. Read and interpret models, graphs, and data.
4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in biology.
5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
6. Evaluate the credibility of scientific information from various sources.
7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across biology.
8. Communicate effectively in writing.
9. Apply the scientific method to interpret information and draw conclusions.
28.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following products used by humans sometimes comes from plants?
A) fuel, only
B) clothing, only
C) food, only
D) fuel, clothing, and food
2) Most domesticated food crops come from which of the following plant groups?
A) mosses
B) gymnosperms
C) ferns
D) angiosperms
3) Which of the following best characterizes the monocots?
A) embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with vascular bundles scattered,
and flower parts in threes
B) embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with a ring of vascular tissue, and
flower parts in fives
C) embryo with two seed leaves, leaf veins not parallel, stems with ring of vascular tissue, and
flower parts in fives
D) embryo with two seed leaves, leaf veins not parallel, stems with vascular bundles scattered,
and flower parts in threes
4) Which of the following best characterizes the eudicots?
A) flower parts in threes
B) leaves with parallel veins
C) an embryo with two seed leaves
D) stems with scattered vascular bundles
5) Which of the following is a function of roots?
A) absorbs water only
B) absorbs nutrients from the soil only
C) stores food only
D) stores food and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
6) Which of the following are the tiny projections found on roots that increase the surface area?
A) root hairs
B) cotyledons
C) nodes
D) mesophyll
7) Which of the following constitute the shoot system of a plant?
I) leaves
II) stems
III) roots
A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I, II, and III
8) Which of the following describes the sites of leaf attachment in a stem?
A) joints
B) nodes
C) internodes
D) cotyledons
9) Which of the following is a stem modification for storage?
A) tuber
B) petiole
C) internode
D) runner
10) Which of the following best describes the primary function of typical leaves?
A) anchoring
B) photosynthesis
C) shade
D) storage of the sugars produced
11) Which of the following best describes the condition in which the terminal bud of many plants
produces hormones that inhibit growth of axillary buds?
A) biennial
B) secondary growth
C) apical dominance
D) germination
12) You trim two different houseplants. The first houseplant becomes bushier, but the pruning
does not affect the growth of the second plant. A possible explanation is ________.
A) you removed the axillary bud on the first plant but not the second
B) the second plant forms tubers, but the first plant does not
C) the first plant has compound leaves and the second plant has simple leaves
D) you removed the terminal bud on the first plant but not the second
13) Which of the following describes the single layer of tightly packed cells that cover the entire
root?
A) xylem
B) root hairs
C) epidermis
D) endodermis
14) Which of the following describes the vascular system of a typical plant?
I) It is made up of xylem and phloem.
II) It provides support.
III) It transports nutrients throughout the plant.
A) I
B) I and II
C) I and III
D) I, II, and III
15) Which of the following is the waxy coating secreted on leaves and most stems?
A) cuticle
B) lignin
C) endodermis
D) epidermis
16) The ________ is the selective barrier of a root that determines which substances pass
between the cortex and vascular tissue.
A) epidermis
B) endodermis
C) cuticle
D) xylem
17) Which of the following do guard cells act to regulate?
A) stomata
B) cuticle
C) epidermis
D) root hairs
18) Which of the following is the main site of photosynthesis in a typical leaf?
A) epidermis
B) endodermis
C) mesophyll
D) xylem
19) Which of the following is the major component of most plant cell walls?
A) chloroplasts
B) lignin
C) starch
D) cellulose
20) Which of the following cell types provide support in growing parts of a plant?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) water-conducting cells
21) Which of the following have thick secondary cell walls strengthened with lignin, and support
plants like steel beams in a building?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) water-conducting cells
22) Which of the following are the most abundant cell type found in most plants?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) food-conducting cells
23) Which of the following form chains with overlapping ends to form a system of water-
carrying tubes, and are dead when mature?
A) collenchyma cells
B) sclerenchyma cells
C) water-conducting cells
D) food-conducting cells
24) Which of the following form tubes and are alive when mature?
A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) water-conducting cells
D) food-conducting cells
25) Which of the following is a function of parenchyma cells?
I) food storage
II) photosynthesis
III) divide and develop to become other types of cells
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) I, II, and III
26) A tree grows wider each year because of ________.
I) apical meristem
II) vascular cambium
III) cork cambium
A) I only
B) II only
C) II and III
D) I, II, and III
27) A plant grows taller through ________, which involves cell division in the ________.
A) primary growth… vascular cambium
B) secondary growth… vascular cambium
C) primary growth… apical meristem
D) secondary growth… cork cambium
28) Which of the following is responsible for the increase in girth (width) of trees?
A) primary growth
B) secondary growth
C) growth in apical meristems
D) an increase in the width of vessel elements
29) Which of the following plant types complete their life cycle in 2 years?
A) annuals only
B) annuals and perennials
C) biennials only
D) perennials only
30) A homeowner uses a nail to hang a “Home Sweet Home” sign on the trunk of an oak tree.
The sign is 2 meters above the ground. The tree grows in height at a rate of 10 cm per year. How
high above the ground will the sign be in 15 years?
A) 1.5 meters
B) 2 meters
C) 3.5 meters
D) 152 meters
31) Flowering plants reproduce through ________.
A) asexual reproduction only
B) sexual reproduction only
C) asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
D) budding
32) Which of the following is the part of a flower that contains the female reproductive
structures?
A) carpel
B) stamen
C) sepal
D) petal
33) In which structure do pollen grains develop?
A) stamen
B) sepal
C) filament
D) anther
34) The ________ enclose and protect the flower bud, while the ________ advertise the flower
to insects and other pollinators.
A) anthers… petals
B) carpels… stigmata
C) sepals… stamens
D) sepals… petals
35) The main parts of a flower are modified versions of which of the following?
A) stems
B) rhizomes
C) internodes
D) leaves
36) Which of the following contains the developing egg and cells that support it?
A) endosperm
B) ovule
C) anther
D) stigma
37) A plant’s diploid form is called the ________; the haploid form is called the ________.
A) sporophyte… pollen
B) sporophyte… gametophyte
C) gametophyte… sporophyte
D) gametophyte… fruit
38) Which of the following describes the delivery of pollen to the stigma?
A) fertilization
B) double fertilization
C) germination
D) pollination
39) The formation of a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus is unique to flowering plants.
What is this process called?
A) fertilization
B) double fertilization
C) germination
D) pollination
40) Which of the following is a multicellular mass that nourishes the embryo until it becomes a
self-supporting seedling?
A) the endosperm
B) a seed coat
C) a fruit
D) a cotyledon
41) What typically has to happen before a fruit develops?
I) flowering
II) pollination
III) double fertilization
A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I, II, and III
42) While on a hike, you notice that several burrs have become attached to your socks. You
quickly pull them off. Inside the burr are several seeds. Burrs are produced by certain plants and
frequently catch on animal fur (or people’s clothing). After thinking about it, you decide that the
burr is a type of ________ that is an adaptation for ________.
A) leaf…protecting plants from herbivores
B) fruit…seed dispersal
C) cambium…seed protection
D) pollen grain…successful pollination
43) Which of the following is the usual trigger for seed germination?
A) water
B) warm temperatures
C) oxygen
D) sunlight