Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
Chapter 21
The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Ancient land plants are thought to be derived from
2. In the bryophytes the _________________ plant persists in the seedless vascular plants it is
the ____________ plant that predominates.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
3. One of the significant adaptations to prevent drying out in the land environment was the
development by vascular plants of (a)
4. Enations are small, flattened green veinless protuberances found on the stems of
5. Whisk ferns produce sporangia on the upper surface of leaf-like flaps of tissue called
_________.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
6. The gametophytes of which of the following are saprobic?
7. Which of the following probably did NOT occur when a shift from aquatic to terrestrial
habitats took place millions of years ago?
8. Which of the following has neither true leaves nor true roots?
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
9. Within the seedless vascular plant group, the relationship of ______________ to the ferns
and other fern allies is unresolved.
10. The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns) include several phyla of plants related to ferns.
Which of the following belongs to this group?
11. The spores of which of the following were used at one time for flashlight powder in
photography and the theater?
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
12. Sporophylls are
Blooms: 1. Remember
13. In nature asexual propagation of ground pines (Lycopodium) may take place by means of
which of the following?
14. The leaves of spike mosses and quillworts have an appendage called a
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
15. A fundamental distinction between club mosses (Lycopodium) and spike mosses
(Selaginella) involves differences in their
16. A spike moss microspore has the potential to develop into which of the following?
17. Lycopod sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
18. The common name for Lycopodium is “ground pine”. The common name is based on the
appearance of the _________ which resembles little conifer trees.
19. Living spike mosses and quillworts produce ______________, a reproductive feature
referred to as ________.
20. Which of the following is considered to be a likely ancestor of the club mosses?
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
21. Carinal and vallecular canals are found in the stems of
22. Air tubes located between the ribs of horsetail (Equisetum) stems are called
23. Which of the following have stems as their principal site of photosynthesis?
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
24. Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity?
25. The substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is
26. Cannel coal is fossilized
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
27. Archegonia and antheridia are structures where _____________ are produced.
Blooms: 2. Understand
28. Leaves with more than one vein and a leaf trace are generally classified as
Blooms: 2. Understand
29. The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
30. In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an
31. The antheridia of ferns are usually located
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
32. In ferns, meiosis occurs in this structure.
33. A favorite growing medium for orchid growers comes from
34. Which pair of plants is placed in the same phylum?
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
35. Bryophytes, ferns and fern allies all require _________________ for sexual reproduction
because the sperm cells ______________.
36. Primitive plants, which are believed to be the ancestors of present-day ferns, appeared
during which of the following geological periods?
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
37. People have used ferns for which of the following purposes?
38. The fern gametophyte is typically _____________________.
39. The fossilized dungs of prehistoric animals and humans are called
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
40. Botanists who study fossil plant materials in their research are known as
41. Uncompressed rocklike fossils in which the original cell structure has been preserved are
42. _______________ are an excellent place to find fossils of ferns and fern allies.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
True / False Questions
43. Ferns and fern allies are larger than the bryophytes because ferns and fern allies have
water and food conducting systems.
44. Whisk ferns consist primarily of stems.
45. The leaves of both club mosses and quillworts are microphylls.
46. Leaves that bear sporangia are called sporophylls.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
47. Quillworts have no stems.
Blooms: 1. Remember
48. The annulus of a fern sporangium functions in spore dispersal.
49. Fern fronds are often subdivided into pinnae.
50. The prothalli of ferns normally produce rhizoids.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
51. Both antheridia and archegonia are found on the same gametophyte in a species that is
heterosporous.
52. A petrifaction is a fossil in which the preserved organism is found in an unaltered state.
53. The image of a compression fossil is called an imprint.
54. Tmesipteris is a close relative of whisk ferns.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
55. Many seedless vascular plants have underground horizontal stems from which aerial
shoots arise.
56. Ancient relatives of both club mosses and horsetails were large and treelike.
Blooms: 1. Remember
57. Ferns produce seeds but no spores.
58. Equisetum belongs to a group of plants called “pig tails”.
Chapter 21 – The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
59. Ferns are distinguished from their relatives by having megaphylls.
60. Embryos are not produced by ferns, only spores.
61. Enations and microphylls have the same basic anatomy; however, enations are smaller
that microphylls.
62. The soft coal, cannel, consists primarily of carbonized spores of giant horsetails and club
mosses.