Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
Chapter 14
Plant Breeding and Propagation
Multiple Choice Questions
1. ______ is the only major crop that was domesticated in the present US.
Blooms: 1. Remember
2. The first domesticated crop plants were:
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
3. People began to domesticate plants in the Near East approximately ______ years ago.
Blooms: 1. Remember
4. One of the first changes in domesticated plants was probably __________________.
5. When people ‘domesticate’ plants, we ___________________.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
6. Plant breeding is ___________________.
7. The primary goals of plant-breeding programs are _____________________.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
8. A gene pool consists of
9. Development of homozygous purebred strains is brought about by
10. The man known as the “father of the green revolution” was
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
11. Genetic diversity in wild relatives and local populations of cultivated plant species is
critically important to plant breeders because _____________.
12. Gene banks are locations where _____________________.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
13. Many crops, such as wheat, rice and beans, are ___________________ and do not require
a pollinating agent such as wind or animals.
14. Most modern crops are grown from ____________ seeds, which are produced by
cross-breeding inbred lines.
15. The process of gene “splicing” begins with
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
16. Methods to insert desirable genes into a target cell in the production of a transgenic plant
includes the use a crown gall bacterium or ______________.
17. Recombinant plasmids are made by
18. Circular extrachromosomal pieces of DNA in bacteria are called
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
19. Somatic hybrids can be formed from:
20. _____________ are plants with specific genes from other organisms (from viruses to
humans) inserted into the genome.
21. Two common types of transgenic plants widely grown in North America have genes for
_________ and/or _____________ incorporated in their genome.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
22. In grafting, the rooted part is known as the
23. The type of grafting best suited for saving a tree that has been girdled is
________________________. (Appendix 4)
24. Methods for improving existing varieties of crop plants do NOT include __________.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
25. Tissue culture is used _______________.
26. Seeds to be sold for planting must produce vigorous and uniform plants. To insure their
seeds meet these standards, commercial seed growers do all of the following EXCEPT
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
True / False Questions
27. A heirloom variety has undergone inbreeding to create a genetically uniform variety.
28. A plasmid is a small circular DNA fragment.
29. Genetic engineering involves the construction of new apical meristems.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
30. Restriction enzymes squeeze DNA strands into narrow strips.
31. Repair enzymes link DNA fragments together.
32. In the future, transformed plants may produce viruses that act as vaccines against viral
diseases.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
34. Before genetic engineering was developed, the improvement of crops involved
hybridization, polyploidy, and mutation.
35. Outcrossing involves repeated self-pollination.
36. High-yielding crops produced during the green revolution require less water and fertilizer
37. Mutations can be induced by chemicals.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
38. Autoclaves are used to produce autoploids.
39. Mericloning, the cloning of meristems, significantly reduces the lenfth of time it takes for
orchid plants to flower.
40. A plant resulting from the fusion of two protoplasts from different species is called a
somatic hybrid.
41. It is of no particular importance which end of a cutting is inserted in the ground.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
42. Cuttings can be made from stems, roots, or leaves.
43. Tip-layering and air-layering are nearly identical techniques.
Blooms: 2. Understand
44. It is essential in grafting to have the bark of the stock and scion in close contact with one
another.
45. When a stock has a considerably greater diameter than that of a scion, cleft grafting is the
most commonly employed grafting method.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
46. Approach grafting is used when two related plants tend not to form grafts very well by
other means.
47. Budding is a form of grafting widely used commercially.
48. Polyploidy is when flowering plants have more than two sets of chromosomes.
49. Protoplast fusion can only take place after the cell walls have been digested.
Chapter 14 – Plant Breeding and Propagation
50. Rhizomes, runners, and potato tubers can be used for asexual propagation by cutting them
into sections with each section having a node.
51. Grafting techniques are of relatively recent origin, being first practiced in the 1800’s.
52. Six plant species provide 80% of the calories consumed by humans worldwide.