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Campbell Essential Biology, 6e (Simon/Dickey/Hogan/Reece)
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
Chapter 6 Learning Outcomes
6 Biology and Society: Getting the Most Out of Your Muscles
6.1. Define the aerobic capacity of an athlete and explain what happens when the intake of
oxygen is no longer sufficient.
6.1 Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere
6.2. Explain why photosynthesis is important to most ecosystems.
6.3. Define and compare autotrophs and heterotrophs, producers and consumers.
6.4. Explain how the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary
to each other.
6.2 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy
6.5. Write and explain the overall equation for cellular respiration.
6.6. Explain how electrons are transferred from glucose to NADH to an electron transport
chain to oxygen.
6.7. Compare the reactants, products, location in the cell, and energy yield of the three stages
of cellular respiration (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain).
6.3. Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy AND
the Process of Science: Exercise Science
6.8. Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of aerobic metabolism versus
fermentation in human cells including where each occurs in a cell and what the
consequences are of lactic acid buildup.
6 Evolution Connection: The Importance of Oxygen
6.9. Describe the lines of evidence that suggest that glycolysis is a primitive form of
metabolism.
Global Learning Outcomes
1. Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical-thinking skills.
3. Read and interpret models, graphs, and data.
4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in biology.
5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
6. Evaluate the credibility of scientific information from various sources.
7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across biology.
8. Communicate effectively in writing.
9. Apply the scientific method to interpret information and draw conclusions.
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6.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Lactic acid build up in muscles is a sign that ________.
A) aerobic respiration capacity has not been reached
B) respiration is operating effectively
C) insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
D) the muscles will be able to operate continuously for a long time
2) A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires ________.
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) ATP
D) carbohydrates
3) Humans are both ________.
A) heterotrophs and consumers
B) heterotrophs and producers
C) producers and decomposers
D) autotrophs and producers
4) Photosynthetic organisms are ________.
A) producers that make all of their organic matter from organic molecules that they take in
B) consumers that obtain organic molecules from other living organisms
C) producers that make all their own organic matter from inorganic molecules
D) decomposers that obtain nutrients from the soil
5) Photosynthetic organisms like grass are able to ________.
A) make all of their organic matter from organic molecules in the soil.
B) use water they take in through their leaves as a final electron acceptor.
C) change the light energy from sunlight into sugars
D) use substances in the air as a major source of carbon.
6) A horse eating some hay is an example of ________.
A) an autotroph eating a producer
B) an autotroph eating a consumer
C) a consumer eating a producer
D) a consumer eating a heterotroph
7) Plants use photosynthesis to
A) store chemical energy, and they use cellular respiration to harvest energy.
B) change light energy into chemical energy as well as to harvest chemical energy.
C) harvest energy, and they use cellular respiration to store chemical energy.
D) change light energy into sugars.
8) The waste products of cellular respiration include ________.
A) water only
B) carbon dioxide only
C) water and carbon dioxide
D) water and glucose
9) Plant cells ________.
A) do not need chloroplasts because their mitochondria meet their energy needs
B) have chloroplasts and mitochondria
C) use carbon dioxide but do not use oxygen
D) do not need mitochondria because their chloroplasts meet their energy needs
10) The ultimate source of the energy in food is ________.
A) the sun
B) producers
C) ATP
D) consumers
11) What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
A) C6H12O6
B) glucose
C) ATP
D) fat
12) Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the air. Cellular
respiration ________.
A) produces ATP
B) produces oxygen
C) produces glucose
D) uses carbon dioxide
13) Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?
A) glucose → lactic acid + energy
B) energy + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen + water
C) glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
D) none of the above
14) Which of the following are produced as a result of cellular respiration?
A) ATP and water
B) carbon dioxide and ATP
C) carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
D) oxygen and glucose
15) During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about this process?
A) The electrons gain energy as they move from one electron acceptor to another.
B) Oxygen is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.
C) The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one
electron acceptor to another.
D) Glucose is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.
16) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Oxygen is a product of cellular respiration; carbon dioxide is a product of photosynthesis.
B) Lactic acid is a product of aerobic respiration; ethyl alcohol is a product of fermentation.
C) Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.
D) Glucose is a product of aerobic respiration; lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration.
17) The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ________.
A) CO2
B) O2
C) NAD+
D) H2O
18) The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ________.
A) ATP
B) oxygen
C) lactic acid
D) NAD+
19) Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
A) cytoplasm
B) endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
C) within the fluid just inside the inner mitochondrial membrane
D) between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane
20) Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
A) glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport
B) citric acid cycle, glycolysis, electron transport
C) citric acid cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
D) electron transport, glycolysis, citric acid cycle
21) A product of glycolysis is ________.
A) lactic acid
B) ethyl alcohol
C) O2
D) pyruvic acid
22) Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?
A) production of CO2
B) conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
C) a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
D) conversion of NADH to NAD+
23) The second stage of aerobic respiration is ________.
A) ATP production
B) the citric acid cycle
C) lactic acid fermentation
D) glycolysis
24) What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?
A) acetyl CoA
B) lactic acid
C) ethyl alcohol
D) citric acid
25) In aerobic respiration, how many molecules of acetic acid are produced from six molecules
of glucose?
A) 1
B) 38
C) 6
D) 12
26) Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH?
A) electron transport chain
B) citric acid cycle
C) glycolysis
D) fermentation
27) Electron transport takes place in the ________.
A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) cytoplasm
D) ribosomes
28) ATP synthase plays a role in ________.
A) pulling electrons down the electron transport chain
B) glycolysis
C) pumping hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
D) generating ATP
29) Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ________ ATP from one glucose.
A) 2
B) 6
C) 38
D) The number generated depends on whether the end product of aerobic respiration is lactic
acid or ethyl alcohol.
30) In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced DIRECTLY as a result of ________.
A) the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B) the citric acid cycle
C) fermentation
D) the electron transport chain
31) Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to ________.
A) produce more ATP than is possible through complete aerobic respiration
B) produce ATP using the electron transport chain
C) regenerate NADH
D) produce ATP without O2
32) Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ________ ATP per glucose.
A) 0
B) 2
C) 10
D) 38
33) Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic
processes of sugar breakdown?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) the electron transport chain
C) conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
D) glycolysis
34) A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal
muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that
________.
A) the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise
B) the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise
C) the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function
D) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvic acid
35) Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They’ve added yeast to a sweet
grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days, they find that sugar
levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely
explanation is that ________.
A) the mixture needs more sugar; yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce
alcohol
B) the mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen
C) the mixture needs more oxygen; yeast need oxygen to break down sugar to produce alcohol
D) the mixture needs less sugar; high sugar concentrations stimulate cellular respiration, and
alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration
36) What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?
A) ethyl alcohol
B) pyruvic acid
C) lactic acid
D) creatine
37) Large amounts of oxygen gas first appeared in Earth’s atmosphere about ________ years
ago.
A) 500,000
B) 10 million
C) 2.7 billion
D) 3.5 billion
38) Which of these stages of cell respiration can occur without the others?
A) the electron transport chain
B) the citric acid cycle
C) lactic acid fermentation
D) glycolysis