The thin layer of cells that makes up the interior lining of the blood vessels is called the
_____.
a.mucosa
b.epithelium
c.endothelium
d.connective tissue
e.lymphoid tissue.
The combination of all HLA class I and class II allotypes that an individual expresses is
referred to as their
a.haplotype
b.allotype
c.isotype
d.autotype
e.HLA type.
Which of the following are expressed by T cells? (Select all that apply.)
a.
b.MHC class I
c.granulysin
d.CD56
e.CCR5
f.IL-4
g.CD40L
h.CD28.
Which of the following statements about the IgD made by B cells of upper respiratory
mucosa is not true?
a.These antibodies bind to airborne bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae.
b. light chains are used almost exclusively by these IgD antibodies.
c.Two-thirds of these IgD antibodies possess light chains.
d.These IgD antibodies recruit basophils and induce the secretion of antibacterial peptides.
In contrast to CD1d, CD1a, b, and c are not expressed by _____.
a.professional antigen-presenting cells
b.epithelial cells
c.developing thymocytes.
A.Explain the importance of allergens having protease activity in the context of
antigen-specific T-cell activation.
B.Provide a specific example of a major allergen that has protease activity.
Thymocytes that are not positively selected
a.undergo genetic reprogramming and differentiate into a different cell type
b.are exported to the periphery, where they are phagocytosed by macrophages
c.make up about 98% of developing thymocytes and die by apoptosis in the thymic cortex
d.are eliminated because of their reactivity with self antigens
e.try out different chains to acquire reactivity with self-MHC molecules.
Which of the following is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in T-cell activation
culminating in T-cell proliferation and differentiation?
a.AP-1
b.ZAP-70
c.NF B
d.NFAT
e.calcineurin.
Which of the following describes the sequence of events involved in the processing of
peptides that will be presented as antigen with MHC class II?
a.protease activity removal of CLIP from MHC class II binding of peptide to MHC
class II endocytosis plasma membrane
b.endocytosis protease activity removal of CLIP from MHC class II binding of
peptide to MHC class II plasma membrane
c.removal of CLIP from MHC class II binding of peptide to MHC class II protease
activity endocytosis plasma membrane
d.binding of peptide to MHC class II endocytosis removal of CLIP from MHC
class II protease activity plasma membrane
e.plasma membrane endocytosis protease activity removal of CLIP from MHC
class II binding of peptide to MHC class II.
_____ is a second messenger in the T-cell signaling pathway leading to the activation of
NFAT.
a.diacylglycerol (DAG)
b.NF B
c.inositol trisphosphate
d.Fos
e.Ras.
Which of the following statements regarding C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is false? (Select all that
apply.)
a.C1INH belongs to a family of serine and cysteine protease inhibitors called the serpins.
b.C1INH inhibits C1r but not C1s, so partial serine protease activation is achieved in the
classical complement pathway.
c.C1INH is cleaved by C1.
d.When bound to C1 as a pseudosubstrate, it activates the protease activity of C1.
e.Heterozygous individuals who have a single-gene defect in C1INH cannot make
sufficient quantities of the gene product and must receive recombinant C1INH by infusion.
Provide examples where tumor cells transferred between a donor and a recipient are either
(A) rejected and do not cause cancer, or (B) not rejected and cause cancer.
A-What are the functions of the Ig± and Ig² proteins?
B-Explain why it is desirable that they do not vary in sequence from cell to cell in the
same way that immunoglobulins do.
What is the role of primary lymphoid follicles in eliminating B cells that have antigen
receptors specific for soluble self antigen?
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).
Match the cell type found in the lymph node in column A with its description in column B.
Double-negative thymocytes initiate rearrangement at the _____ locus (loci) before all
other T-cell receptor genes.
Match the term in column A with its complement in column B.
What property of the mucosal immune system enables breast milk to contain antibodies
against microorganisms encountered in the gut or other mucosal tissues? Explain your
answer.
Match the antibody term in Column A with its correct description in Column B.
Match the term in column A with its correct match in column B.
Explain the importance of promiscuous binding specificity exhibited by MHC class I and
class II molecules.