_____ compensates for the absence of secretory IgA in selective IgA deficiency because it
can be secreted by mucosal tissues using the same receptor needed for transcytosis.
a.Monomeric IgA
b.IgD
c.IgE
d.IgG
e.IgM.
Which of the following is mismatched?
a.oncology: diagnosis and treatment of tumors
b.carcinoma: characteristic cell types found in benign tumors
c.mutation: changes in DNA involving substitutions, deletions, insertions, recombinations,
and translocations
d.leukemia: cancer of the immune system affecting circulating cells
e.malignant transformation: gain of ability to form a cancer.
_____ hypersensitivity reactions interact with soluble epitopes and not cell-surface
associated epitopes.
a.type I and II
b.type I and III
c.type I and IV
d.type II and III
e.type II and IV
f.type III and IV.
The primary reason for transplant rejections is due to differences in _____ between donor
and recipient.
a.CD3
b.MHC molecules
c.T-cell receptor chains
d. T cells
e. -microblobulin.
The formation of ectopic lymphoid tissues occurs in all of the following conditions except
_____.
a.pemphigus foliaceus
b.chronic hepatitis C infection
c.Hashimoto’s disease
d.rheumatoid arthritis
e.multiple sclerosis
f.Graves’ disease.
In the context of autoimmunity: (A) define molecular mimicry; and (B) provide an
example.
_____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates, thereby compromising
the body€s defense against infection.
a.gene conversion
b.epidemics
c.primary immunodeficiency disease
d.secondary immunodeficiency disease
e.seroconversion.
M cells, unlike dendritic cells, _____.
a.do not secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the gut
b.are not associated with Peyer’s patches
c.do not facilitate the transport of microbes from the gut lumen to the GALT
d.do not process and present their antigen to naive T cells.
Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of
the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product.
a.pilin
b.flagellin
c.variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs)
d.hemagglutinin.
All of the following are required for isotype switching except
a.switch-region recombination
b.J chain
c.activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)
d.B-cell proliferation
e.uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG).
Richard French, 53 years old, was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia. His
elder brother Don is HLA-haploidentical and will donate bone marrow. Richard’s
oncologist has recommended him to a medical center that favors using bone marrow
depleted of mature T cells prior to infusion. The most likely rationale for employing the
practice of T-cell depletion is that _____.
a.T-cell depletion will remove alloreactive T cells from the donor and prevent the potential
for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
b.mature T-cell chimerism is required to establish long-term tolerance
c.because Don is HLA-haploidentical and male, there is no risk of alloreactivity toward
major or minor histocompatibility antigens
d.because of Don’s age, the expected bone marrow harvest is already marginal for
successful engraftment, and depletion measures would compromise the yield of stem cells
e.the benefit of using a cocktail of immunosuppressive drugs outweighs the risk of
contaminating the bone marrow during T-cell depletion.
A.Name three immunodeficiency diseases caused by defects in phagocytes.
B.Which immunodeficiency disease is caused by a defect in the phagocyte NADPH
oxidase system, and what is the cellular effect of this defect?
C.What are the main clinical effects of defects in phagocyte function?
A B cell’s sensitivity to antigen can be increased 1000-10,0000-fold by
a.simultaneously ligating the B-cell receptor and co-receptor
b.simultaneously ligating the B-cell receptor and Toll-like receptor
c.ligating the B-cell co-receptor and phosphorylating Ig- ITAMs
d.increasing levels of Syk proteins in the vicinity of co-receptor ligation
e.ligating cytokine receptors on the B-cell surface.
Which of the following is a characteristic of follicular dendritic cells in the primary
follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues? (Select all that apply.)
a.They are bone marrow derived hematopoietic cells.
b.They provide a stable depository of intact antigens able to bind to B-cell receptors.
c.They have a large surface area as a result of forming dendrites.
d.They internalize immune complexes through CR2 receptor cross-linking.
e.They produce cytokines that induce B cells to proliferate and become centroblasts.
What is meant by the terms (A) antigen processing and (B) antigen presentation? (C) Why
are these processes required before T cells can be activated?
Soluble effector molecules are effective when encountering pathogens in/on _____. (Select
all that apply.)
a.extracellular spaces
b.cytoplasm
c.epithelial surfaces
d.interstitial spaces
e.vesicular compartments
f.lymph.
Following a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, T-cell responses will be activated by
dendritic cells of _____ origin.
a.donor
b.recipient
c.both donor and recipient.
The only single receptor that can activate NK cells without the need for a second activating
receptor is _____.
a.NKG2D
b.CD56
c.2B4
d.CD94:NKG2A
e.CD16a.