1) One limitation of view-dependent theories of object recognition is that
a. objects can be seen without a particular view.
b. separate templates must be generated and stored for each different view of a given
object.
c. this approach argues that recognition depends on decomposing a scene or object into
its constituent parts.
d. this approach is based on the idea that object recognition depends on the detection of
invariant stimulus properties, such as symmetry.
2) All of the following are representative of the emergence of the field of cognitive
science in the second half of the 20th century EXCEPT
a.new developments in computer technology and artificial intelligence.
b. a philosophical shift in the field toward empiricism and associationism.
c.Chomskys work arguing that behaviorist theories cannot explain language acquisition.
d. Millers work showing that internal processes like short-term memory can be
quantified.
3) Language errors in which a person substitutes words that are related in meaning for
one another are called
a.lemma confusions.
b. syntactic substitutions.
c.semantic paraphasias.
d. orthographic intrusions.
4) Which of the following imaging techniques can be thought of as a three-dimensional
X-ray?
a. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
b. CT (computed tomography)
c. fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
d. PET (positron emission tomography)
5) What do mentalizing tasks have in common with attentional cuing tasks?
a.Both tasks have strong social cognition components.
b. Both tasks strongly engage the right anterior cingulate.
c.Both tasks require that participants direct their attention away from invalid
information.
d. Both b and c are true.
6) Which of the following statements is true of the kind of amnesia demonstrated by
people with bilateral hippocampal damage (like patients H.M. and R.B.) or people with
diencephalon injury (like people with Korsakoffs syndrome)?
a. They forget their dates of birth.
b. They can still learn new skills, such as the serial reaction time task, after the injury.
c. They remember meeting new people after the injury.
d. They have good memory for learning facts after the injury but fail to show priming
effects.
7) One reason that lesions to the cerebellum disrupt the eye blink conditioning response
is because
a. the cerebellum regulates the production of acetylcholine in peripheral motor neurons.
b. this structure is involved in timing the activation of different effectors involved in a
learned motor sequence.
c. the cerebellum controls the initiation of eye movements.
d. this structure normally inhibits the activity in the motor cortex, and when this
inhibition is disrupted, motor learning is impaired.
8) Split-brain patients are asked to detect targets that appear briefly on a computer
screen. On some trials, the targets are preceded by cues that correctly indicate their
upcoming location. The detection advantage produced by the cues
a.occurs only if the cue and subsequent target are shown in the same visual field.
b. occurs only if the cue and subsequent target appear in the left visual field.
c.occurs only if the cue and subsequent target appear in the right visual field.
d. occurs regardless of which visual field contains the cue and target.
9) The nodes of Ranvier are
a.vesicles of neurotransmitters, stored in presynaptic neurons.
b.points along axons where sodiumpotassium pumps are found.
c.vesicles of calcium ions, stored in postsynaptic neurons.
d.points along axons that are not surrounded by myelin.
10) All of the following describe differences between early-selection and late-selection
models of attention EXCEPT
a. early-selection models argue that selection occurs before semantic analysis of
incoming stimuli.
b. late-selection models argue that human information processing has limited capacity,
whereas early-selection models argue that capacity is unlimited.
c. early-selection models argue that all higher-level information processing requires the
use of attention.
d. late-selection models argue that a stimulus may be categorized or even identified
before selection.
11) A major issue in the study of word recognition involves the extent to which
relatively low-level sensory representations interact with relatively high-level
information, such as the context in which a word appears. A modular model of word
comprehension would be most likely to argue that
a.there is a great degree of interaction between low-level and high-level representations.
b. processing at each level is independent, and there is little or no interaction between
them.
c.certain levels may interact freely, whereas others cannot.
d. the degree to which the levels of word processing interact with each other depends on
the type of word being processed.
12) Which of the following best describes the flow of information in the Atkinson and
Shiffrin (1968) modal model of memory?
a. short-term storage long-term storage sensory memory
b. short-term storage sensory memory long-term storage
c. sensory memory short-term storage long-term storage
d. sensory memory long-term storage short-term storage
13) Research using __________ models sometimes involves lesioning the model to see
if it adequately
simulates the behavioral deficits observed in neurological patients.
a. symbolic
b. propositional
c. neural network
d. chronometric
14) Action-outcome decisions involve a more__________form of processing whereas
stimulus-response are more___________.
a.habitual ; automatic
b. automatic ; controlled
c.controlled ; automatic
d. none of the above
15) In one of the earliest studies of visual attention, Helmholtz (1894) constructed a
screen on which letters were painted at various distances from the center. Following a
brief illumination, he found that
a. he could perceive letters located within the focus of his attention better than letters
outside, even when his eyes remained at the center of the screen.
b. although he was unable to remember all the letters on the screen, he could be cued to
attend to the top, middle, or bottom row by a tone played just before the illumination.
c. he could perceive letters located within the focus of his attention better than letters
outside, but only if he moved his eyes to bring the letters to the center of his visual
field.
d. he could remember all the letters on the screen, demonstrating that visual iconic
memory increases in capacity with attentional focus.
16) Long-term potentiation does NOT occur unless the neurotransmitter __________ is
present in the synapse to bind to postsynaptic NMDA receptors.
a. GABA
b. norepinephrine
c. serotonin
d. glutamate
17) At the resting state, a higher concentration of __________ is found outside a neuron
and a higher
concentration of __________ is found inside a neuron.
a. K+ ; Na+
b. Na+ ; K+
c. dopamine ; serotonin
d. serotonin ; dopamine
18) One of the two pathways of the amygdala is known as the high road. This pathway
can be characterized as ___________ and involves a __________.
a. slow and analytical ; direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala.
b. slow and analytical ; project to the cortex.
c. quick and dirty ; direct signal from the thalamus to the amygdala.
d. quick and dirty ; projection to the cortex.
19) EEG studies have found that those with more __________ activity are better able to
suppress negative emotion voluntarily.
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. right-sided
d. left-sided
20) The brainstem includes all of the following components EXCEPT the
a.medulla.
b. midbrain.
c. hypothalamus.
d. pons.