1) the stretch reflex is the tendency of a muscle to stretch when it is overcontracted.
2) the atlantoaxial joint is the joint between c1 and c2.
3) regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different
stressors.
4) if a cell doubled in diameter, it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain.
5) the clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.
6) senescence begins at different ages and progresses at different rates in different organ
systems.
7) when a person is active, most of the body heat is generated in the brain, heart, and
endocrine glands.
8) the ossicles belong to the middle ear.
9) the fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and
the ventricles.
10) any two epsps will override one ipsp.
11) after mitosis, each chromosome consists of two parallel filaments called sister
chromatids.
12) homeostasis and occupying space are both unique characteristics of living things.
13) the styloid process of the radius can be palpated proximal to the thumb.
14) glycogenesis is stimulated by __________, whereas glycogenolysis is stimulated by
__________.
a. insulin; glucagon and epinephrine
b. insulin; aldosterone
c. growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine
d. growth hormone; cortisol
e. growth hormone; insulin
15) the nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared to the endocrine system,
adapts __________ compared to the endocrine system, and has __________ effects
compared to the endocrine system.
a. slowly; slowly; widespread
b. quickly; slowly; specific
c. quickly; quickly; widespread
d. quickly; quickly; specific
e. slowly; quickly; specific
16) which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation?
a. cytotoxic t cells
b. macrophage
c. eosinophils
d. neutrophils
e. endothelial cells
17) which of the following decreases blood pressure?
a. norepinephrine
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. angiotensin ii
d. aldosterone
e. atrial natriuretic peptide
18) based on what you know about muscle attachments, which of the following is true?
a. an insertion generally moves towards an origin in contraction.
b. an origin generally moves towards an insertion in contraction.
c. an insertion generally moves towards another insertion in contraction.
d. an origin generally moves towards another origin in contraction.
19) in response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called __________ in the walls
of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to
__________ its beats per minute.
a. baroreceptors; decrease
b. proprioceptors; decrease
c. baroreceptors; increase
d. proprioceptors; increase
e. chemoreceptors; increase
20) the use of controls and statistical testing are two aspects of experimental design that
help to ensure __________.
a. an adequate sample size
b. objective and reliable results
c. experimental bias
d. psychosomatic effects
e. treatment groups
21) the inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein __________, which
harnesses the energy created by h+ flow to produce atp by a process called
__________.
a.enzyme complex; reduction
b.atp synthase; oxidation
c.enzyme complex; proton pumping
d.atp synthase; the chemiosmotic mechanism
e.cytochrome c; reduction
22) variations in hair color arise from differing amounts of __________.
a. collagen and elastic filaments
b. keratin and melanin
c. carotene and hemoglobin
d. carotene and collagen
e. eumelanin and pheomelanin
23) what is the most abundant anion in the ecf?
a. hco3-
b. po4
3-
c. hpo4
2-
d. h2po4-
e. cl-
24) which of the following muscles of facial expression is not innervated by the facial
nerve?
a. orbicularis oculi
b. zygomaticus major
c. corrugator supercilii
d. levator palpebrae superioris
e. buccinator
25) the __________ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.
a. gastric rugae
b. antrum
c. pyloric sphincter
d. fundic region
e. cardiac region
26) when jumping into water you notice resistance. this resistance is caused by water’s
__________.
a. adhesiveness
b. cohesiveness
c. hydrophobic tension
d. hydrophilic tension
e. osmotic equilibrium
27) a possible explanation for the effect of caffeine is that it blocks the receptor for a
neuromodulator in the brain called __________, which inhibits ach release by
cholinergic neurons.
a. glycine
b. dopamine
c. serotonin
d. melatonin
e. adenosine
28) several digestive enzymes aresecreted as zymogens because __________.
a. it saves one step in their synthesis
b. gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for their synthesis
c. they start digesting intracellular proteins of the gastric cells more quickly
d. they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins
e. they can start digesting dietary proteins more quickly