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1) where is dystrophin, the protein that is defective in muscular dystrophy, normally
found?
a. between the outermost myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber
b. as a transmembrane protein of the sarcolemma
c. in the z discs of skeletal and cardiac muscle
d. in the dense bodies of smooth muscle
e. bridging the gap between the sarcolemma and synaptic knob
2) we live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal
conditions remain relatively stable. this is called __________.
a. homeostasis
b. metastasis
c. responsiveness
d. adaptation
e. evolution
3) what happens when acetylcholine stimulates its receptors in the neuromuscular
junction?
a. the release of ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum decreases.
b. the permeability of the sarcolemma to na+ increases.
c. the positive charge on the sarcolemma decreases.
d. the threshold of the muscle fiber lowers.
e. the inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase is overridden.
4) heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate peak during the __________.
a. excitement phase
b. erection of the penis
c. climax (orgasm)
d. plateau phase
e. resolution phase
5) the principal theory of how evolution works is called __________.
a. natural pressure
b. selective pressure
c. darwinian pressure
d. natural adaptation
e. natural selection
6) which of the following is not a method by which atrial natriuretic peptide reduces
blood volume and pressure?
a. increasing glomerular filtration rate
b. inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
c. inhibiting the action of adh on the kidney
d. inhibiting nacl reabsorption by the collecting duct
e. preventing sodium loss in the urine
7) which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other
pathogens?
a. keratinocytes
b. melanocytes
c. adipocytes
d. dendritic (langerhans) cells
e. tactile (merkel) cells
8) which of the followingcorrectly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal
vein?
a. interlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
b. arcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
c. interlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.
d. segmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
e. interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
9) which of the following is not associated with the pons?
a. sensory information from the middle region of the face
b. sensory information from the inferior region of the face
c. sensory information from the superior region of the face
d. lateral eye movements
e. neck movement
10) the synaptic knob releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, which is received by
receptors on the motor end plate. which structure does this describe?
a. a sarcomere
b. the thick filament
c. the varicosity of a smooth muscle cell
d. the neuromuscular junction of a skeletal muscle
e. a motor unit
11) contact digestion takes place in/at the __________.
a. gastric pits
b. surface of the gastric mucosa
c. intestinal crypts
d. brush border of the small intestine
e. cytoplasm in the cells of the small intestine
12) incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces __________, which might lead to
__________.
a.triglycerides; new triglycerides
b.ketone bodies; acidosis
c.pyruvic acid; acidosis
d.glycerol; alkalosis
e.acetyl-coa; acidosis
13) which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?
a. abducens - v
b. oculomotor - iii
c. facial - vii
d. accessory - xi
14) which reflex shows the least synaptic delay?
a. a polysynaptic reflex
b. the cross extension reflex
c. thewithdrawal reflex
d. the flexor reflex
e. the tendon reflex
15) the __________ carry blood toward the lungs.
a. pulmonary arteries and veins
b. pulmonary trunk and arteries
c. pulmonary trunk and veins
d. superior and inferior venae cavae
e. aorta and pulmonary arteries
