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On average, what percentage of the energy in one trophic level becomes incorporated
into the next higher trophic level?
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 90%
Please read the following scenario to answer the following question.
The parents of a child with unusual disease symptoms take the child to a doctor for
help. The doctor suspects that the condition might have a genetic basis. She
recommends that the child be taken to a specialty clinic where physicians and staff
members are trained to diagnose genetic diseases and counsel parents. Ultimately, the
child is diagnosed with a rare recessively inherited disease. The parents are tested for
the gene, and both are found to be heterozygous. The parents want to have another child
but are afraid this child will also be affected.
What would genetic counselors say is the probability that the second child will have the
disease?
A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1/16
A location in a plant where sugar is being received for storage or consumption is
________.
A) a sugar sink
B) a sugar source
C) phloem sap
D) phloem tube
What evolutionary adaptation allows elephants to migrate, meet, and mate over great
distances?
A) echolocation
B) electroreception
C) magnetoreception
D) seismic detection
Bacilli are ________ prokaryotes.
A) spherical
B) comma-shaped
C) rod-shaped
D) spiral
Please use the following information to answer the following question(s).
The collared lizard is a species found in the Desert Southwest. Male collared lizards
show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern.
Your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards,
using the scientific method. Your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in
attracting females for mating purposes. You predict that females will preferentially
choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. To test your prediction, you
observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. You
selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration
pattern. You placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in
aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. Out of 350 aquariums observed,
the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored
male 70 times. In three instances, the females did not mate with either type.
Create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on
the x-axis. On the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen
by females. Using this graph, answer the following questions.
Dull-colored males were used in this experiment to ________.
A) serve as a comparison (control) group to the brightly colored males
B) be sure that females could recognize the gender of the other lizards
C) give the experiment more trials so that the data would be more persuasive
D) be sure all females had a male with which they could mate
What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of the same species?
A) community
B) organism
C) ecosystem
D) population
Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions.
You conducted a series of experiments to test whether the expression of hexokinase, an
important enzyme involved in glycolysis, varies under different conditions. In the first
experiment, you measured the production of hexokinase mRNA in cells at three
different temperatures: 37ºC, 25ºC, and 10ºC. Your results showed that the mRNA
levels for hexokinase were 5 and 20 lower at 25ºC and 10ºC than at 37ºC, respectively.
Based on these results, you are going to conduct further experiments to attempt to
answer your research question.
DNA microarrays can be used to determine relative levels of gene expression between
samples. DNA microarrays are usually interpreted by color: green means higher mRNA
levels, yellow means equal levels, and red means lower levels. If you ran the samples
from the temperature experiment on a DNA microarray using the 25C experiment as a
baseline, what results do you predict you would obtain?
A) The samples from the 37ºC experiment would be green and the samples from the
10ºC would be red.
B) The samples from the 37ºC experiment would be red and the samples from the 10ºC
would be green.
C) The samples from the 37ºC experiment would be green and the samples from the
10ºC would be yellow.
D) The samples from the 37ºC experiment would be yellow and the samples from the
10ºC would be red.
The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well. Why does the poster say "No
Antibiotics Please"?
A) His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin.
B) Antibiotics should be taken only to promote growth.
C) His illness is caused by bacteria.
D) His illness is caused by a virus.
Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What is the probability of having a
child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an
individual heterozygous for free earlobes?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
Outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cells protect, insulate, and reinforce
neurons?
A) sensory cells
B) motor cells
C) satellite cells
D) supporting cells
Most homeostatic mechanisms depend on ________.
A) positive and negative feedback
B) negative feedback
C) predictable environmental conditions
D) predictable internal conditions
What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?
A) 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
B) 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
C) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
D) 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes
Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
If the interior of the thylakoid were not a sealed compartment ________.
A) There would be no location for the electron transport chain
B) Light would not be able to reach the photosystems
C) Water could not be split
D) The proton gradient could not be maintained
During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron acceptor
molecules. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about this process?
A) The electrons gain energy as they move from one electron acceptor to another.
B) Oxygen is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.
C) The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from
one electron acceptor to another.
D) Glucose is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.
An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________.
A) pH
B) temperature
C) shape
D) size
Prokaryotes reproduce by means of ________.
A) mitosis
B) binary fission
C) budding
D) meiosis
The table below shows experimental data from poultry scientists. Examine the table to
answer the following questions.
Oviposition time, egg weight, chicken hatch weight and hatch weight/egg weight from
young and mid-age broiler breeder flocks.
What are (is) the main factor(s) causing differences between the chick hatch weight and
the weight of the egg when it is laid?
A) The only factor that causes the chick to weigh less than the egg when it is laid is the
removal of the shell.
B) Not only does the hatchling have no shell, but it has lost some of its mass (weight) to
the air during development.
C) During development, the chick gains new parts so the weight increases.
D) Egg weight at oviposition includes a lot of water that evaporates during
development.
A heart murmur occurs when there is a defect in ________.
A) a heart valve
B) the sinoatrial node
C) arterioles
D) the timing of the cardiac cycle
The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.
A) nucleoli
B) RNA
C) chromatin
D) ribosomes
Where is translation accomplished?
A) lysosomes
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) ribosomes
D) nucleoli
Why do cigarette smokers cough more than most people do?
A) The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick closed. Coughing opens them.
B) Coughing is the respiratory system's attempt to clear itself of the thick mucus that is
produced in response to smoke exposure.
C) Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the lungs; coughing exchanges the resultant
"dead air."
D) Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs.
This diagram shows what process?
A) origin of plants from green algae
B) alternation of generations
C) angiosperm life cycle
D) gymnosperm life cycle
As shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell
cytokinesis because ________.
A) plant cells produce more daughter cells
B) plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not
C) animal cells produce more daughter cells
D) animal cells form a cell plate and plant cells do not
Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates?
A) They all have vertebral columns.
B) They all exhibit radial symmetry.
C) They all have a notochord sometime during their life cycle.
D) They all have an exoskeleton sometime during their life cycle.
In animals with a closed circulatory system, gas exchange occurs across the thin walls
of ________.
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
The animal in the accompanying figure illustrates ________.
A) fission
B) regeneration
C) asexual reproduction
D) growth of male reproductive structures
Flu vaccines have been demonstrated to protect the elderly, as shown in the figure
below. Assume there is a sample of 100 elderly people that normally would be
hospitalized in winter. How many of them would you predict would still be hospitalized
in the winter if all 100 of them received the flu vaccine?
A) 27
B) 48
C) 52
D) 73
Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells
with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA.
Subsequently, the researcher isolated and cultured a single cell from this group and
noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this
affected their survival.
The researcher isolated a different single cell and determined that it was producing a
certain protein. However, the protein was much shorter than it should have been. What
kind of mutation likely occurred in this protein?
A) one that introduced a silent mutation
B) one that substituted amino acids
C) one that introduced a premature stop codon
D) one that deleted an entire amino acid
Which of the following triggers flowering for plants sensitive to photoperiod?
A) temperature
B) night length
C) day length
D) intensity of sunlight
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) A given hormone has the same effect on all parts of a plant.
B) A single hormone may have different effects depending on concentration and
presence of other hormones.
C) Plants and animals use hormones in very different ways.
D) Large amounts of hormones are required to affect plant growth and development.
Cytokinesis typically begins during the ________ stage of mitosis.
A) telophase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
Steroid hormones ________.
A) usually trigger a signal transduction pathway when they bind to a membrane
receptor
B) usually bind to mRNA in the cytoplasm to initiate transcription
C) usually bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
D) usually bind to rRNA to prevent translation
