Which of the following statements is correct?
a.The light-chain genes rearrange before the heavy-chain genes.
b.The light-chain genes rearrange before the light-chain genes.
c.The light-chain genes rearrange before the heavy-chain genes.
d.The light-chain genes rearrange before the light-chain genes.
e.The heavy-chain genes rearrange first and then the light-chain genes rearrange.
All of the following are expressed by intestinal epithelial cells except _____.
a.NOD receptors
b.Fc R
c.TLRs
d.MHC class II
e.NF B.
Indicate which of the following statements are true (T) or and which are false (F) with
reference to immunoglobulin structure.
a.__The antibody secreted by a plasma cell has a different specificity for antigen than the
immunoglobulin expressed by its B-cell precursor.
b.__The amino-terminal regions of heavy and light chains of different immunoglobulins
all differ in amino acid sequence.
c.__A flexible hinge region holds the heavy chain and light chain together.
d.__The heavy-chain constant region is responsible for the effector function of
immunoglobulins.
e.__ and light chains have different functions.
Identify which of the following is not a property of secreted mucins.
a.contain glycosylated cysteine residues
b.contain many repetitive sequence motifs
c.constitute a viscous matrix stabilized by disulfide bonds
d.bind to positively charged effector molecules
e.encoded by seven genes in humans
f.expressed in different mucosal tissues.
In what way does the light chain differ from the light chain?
a. performs a different function from when bound to the immunoglobulin heavy
chain.
b. , but not , is encoded on the same chromosome as the heavy-chain locus.
c. contains a VJ region, whereas contains a VDJ region.
d.The locus encodes a single C segment, whereas the locus has more than one.
e. contains a transmembrane domain but lambda does not.
Which of the following migrates from non-mucosal tissue to draining lymph nodes to
facilitate the induction of adaptive immune responses?
a.dendritic cells
b.macrophages
c.NK cells
d.neutrophils
e.commensal microorganisms.
Chemokine receptors form complexes with _____ after binding to their ligands.
a.inflammasome components
b.pro-IL-1\beta
c.potassium channels
d.GTP-binding proteins
e.tertiary granules.
All of the following are utilized in the binding of antibodies to antigens except
a.interchain disulfide bonds
b.hydrogen bonding
c.hydrophobic interactions
d.electrostatic forces (salt bridges)
e.van der Waals interactions.
Steroid receptors are complexed with _____.
a. Hsp90 in the cytoplasm
b. Hsp90 on the cell surface
c. calcineurin in the cytoplasm
d. calcineurin in the nucleus
e. NF B in the cytoplasm.
Which of the following is mismatched?
a.tumor suppressor genes: mutated in over 50% of human cancer cases
b.HTLV-1: an RNA retrovirus associated with adult T-cell leukemia
c.Helicobacter pylori: bacterial infection associated with colon cancer
d.sipuleucel-T cell vaccine: treatment for late-stage metastatic prostate cancer
e.cancer immunosurveillance: recognition and elimination of cancer cells by defense
mechanisms.
Lipid mediators produced by activated mast cells include which of the following? (Select
all that apply.)
a.platelet-activating factor
b.cathepsin G
c.chymase
d.leukotrienes
e.carboxypeptidase
f.prostaglandins.
We learned in Chapter 5 that the benefit of having and expressing multiple MHC class I
and class II genes is that it increases the number and variety of pathogen-derived peptide
antigens that can potentially be presented to T cells. If more is better, then why has natural
selection not favored the evolution of more than three genes each for MHC class I and
MHC class II?
A-Which cell-surface glycoprotein distinguishes professional antigen-presenting cells from
other cells and is involved in the co-stimulation of T cells?
B-What receptors can it bind on the T cell and what signal does it deliver in each case?
C-Explain the consequence of antigen recognition by T cells in the absence of this
glycoprotein on the antigen-presenting cell.
Identify the correct order of gene segments in a rearranged heavy-chain gene in a naive B
cell.
Match the nine HIV genes in column A with its product(s) in column B.
How do the clinical objectives of transplantation differ from those of vaccination?
The T-cell receptor -chain locus can undergo successive gene rearrangements to rescue
unproductive V(D)J rearrangements.
A-What aspects of gene segment rearrangement at the TCR locus make this possible?
B-Can the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus, which is also composed of V, D, and J
segments, undergo successive rearrangements? If not, give the reasons for the difference.
Which of the following is the first T-cell receptor complex containing the chain to reach
the cell surface during the development of T lymphocytes?